Difference between revisions of "List of automotive superlatives"

From WOI Encyclopedia Italia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
m
 
(4 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 +
{{X}}
 +
 +
 
This page lists [[Wiktionary:superlatives|superlatives]] of the [[automobile]] industry - that is, the smallest, largest, fastest, lightest, best-selling, and other such topics.
 
This page lists [[Wiktionary:superlatives|superlatives]] of the [[automobile]] industry - that is, the smallest, largest, fastest, lightest, best-selling, and other such topics.
  
−
In order to keep the entries relevant, the list (except for the [[#Firsts|Firsts]] section) will be limited to automobiles built after World War II. Many odd vehicles emerged in the early days of the automobile industry. There is [[#Pre-War|a section]] for early superlatives, however.
+
In order to keep the entries relevant, the list (except for the [[#Firsts|Firsts]] section) will be limited to automobiles built after World War II. Many odd vehicles emerged in the early days of the automobile industry. There is [[#Pre-War|a section]] for early superlatives, however.
  
 
The list will also be limited to production road cars that meet the following conditions:
 
The list will also be limited to production road cars that meet the following conditions:
Line 10: Line 13:
  
  
−
==Some notes about units of measurement used herein...==
+
==Some notes about units of measurement used herein==
−
 
 
 
===Engine capacity/displacement===
 
===Engine capacity/displacement===
−
 
+
*1 L = 1,000 [[cubic centimeter]]s = 61.0237 [[cubic inch]]es
−
*1 liter = 1,000 cubic centimeters = 61.0237 cubic inches
+
*1 in³ = 16.3871 cubic centimeters
−
*1 cubic inch = 16.3871 cubic centimeters
 
  
 
===Engine output===
 
===Engine output===
−
 
 
[[Power (physics)|Power]]
 
[[Power (physics)|Power]]
−
 
+
*1 [[horsepower]] (hp) = 1 brake hp (bhp) = 1.0139 metric hp ([[Horsepower#PS|PS]]) = 0.7457 [[kilowatt]]s (kW)
−
*1 horsepower (hp) = 1 brake horsepower (bhp) = 1.0139 metric horsepower (PS) = 0.7457 kilowatts (kW)
+
*1 metric hp = 0.9863 hp = 0.7355 kilowatts
−
*1 metric horsepower = 0.9863 horsepower = 0.7355 kilowatts
+
*1 kilowatt = 1.3410 hp = 1.3596 metric hp
−
*1 kilowatt = 1.3410 horsepower = 1.3596 metric horsepower
 
  
 
[[Torque]]
 
[[Torque]]
−
 
+
*1 foot-pound force of torque ( ft·lbf''f'') = 1.3558 [[newton-meter]] (N·m)
−
*1 pound-foot of torque (lb-ft) = 1.3558 Newton-meter (Nm)
+
*1 newton-meter = 0.7376 foot-pound force
−
*1 Newton-meter = 0.7376 pound-feet
 
  
 
===Fuel economy===
 
===Fuel economy===
 +
*1 mile per US gallon = 1.2009 miles per imperial gallon = 0.4252 kilometers per L = 235.208 liters per 100 kilometers
 +
*1 mile per imperial gallon = 0.8327 miles per US gallon = 0.3540 kilometers per L = 282.4731 liters per 100 kilometers
 +
*1 kilometer per L = 2.3521 miles per US gallon = 2.8247 miles per imperial gallon
 +
*1 L per 100 kilometers = 235.208 miles per US gallon = 282.4731 miles per imperial gallon
  
−
*1 mile per US Gallon = 1.2009 miles per Imperial Gallon = 0.4252 kilometers per liter = 235.208 liters per 100 kilometers
+
===Power to weight or weight to power===
−
*1 mile per Imperial Gallon = 0.8327 miles per US Gallon = 0.3540 kilometers per liter = 282.4731 liters per 100 kilometers
+
(See also: [[weight-to-power ratio]])
−
*1 kilometer per liter = 2.3521 miles per US Gallon = 2.8247 miles per Imperial Gallon
+
*1 hp per [[short ton]] = 1.12 hp per [[long ton]] = 0.82199 kilowatt per [[metric ton]]
−
*1 liter per 100 kilometers = 235.208 miles per US Gallon = 282.4731 miles per Imperial Gallon
+
*1 hp per long ton = 0.89286 hp per short ton = 0.76890 kilowatt per metric ton
 +
*1 kilowatt per metric ton = 1.2166 hp per short ton = 1.3625 hp per long ton
 +
*1 pound per hp = 0.60828 kilogram per kilowatt
  
 
==Engine capacity==
 
==Engine capacity==
−
 
+
* [[Straight-3]] (I3)
−
* [[Straight-3]]
+
** Smallest I3 engine (gasoline) - 0.36 L (357 cc/22 in³) - 1967 [[Suzuki Fronte]]
−
** Smallest [[I3]] engine (gasoline) - 0.55 L (357 cc/22 in³) - 1967 [[Suzuki Fronte]]
+
** Smallest I3 engine (Diesel) - 0.8 L (799 cc/48.8 in³) - 2000 [[Smart Fortwo]] ''cdi''
−
** Smallest [[I3]] engine (Diesel) - 0.8 L (799 cc/48.8 in³) - 2000 [[Smart (automobile)|Smart Fortwo]] ''cdi''
+
** Largest I3 engine (gasoline) - 1.2 L (1198 cc/73 in³) - 2002 [[Volkswagen Polo]]/[[SEAT Ibiza]]/[[Škoda Fabia]]
−
** Largest [[I3]] engine (gasoline) - 1.2 L (1198 cc/73 in³) - 2002 [[Volkswagen Polo]]/[[Seat Ibiza]] 1.2
+
** Largest I3 engine (Diesel) - 1.8 L (1779 cc/109 in³) - 1984 [[Alfa Romeo 33]] 1.8 TD
−
** Largest [[I3]] engine (Diesel) - 1.8 L (1779 cc/109 in³) - 1984 [[Alfa Romeo 33]] 1.8 TD
+
* [[Straight-4]] (I4)
−
 
+
** Smallest I4 engine (gasoline) - 0.36 L (356 cc/21.7 in³) - 1963 [[Honda T360]] ''AS250E''
−
* [[Straight-4]];
+
** Smallest I4 engine (Diesel) - 1.25 L (1248 cc/65 in³) - 2003 [[Fiat Nuova Panda]] ''[[MultiJet]]''
−
** Smallest [[I4]] engine (gasoline) - 0.36 L (356 cc/21.7 in³) - 1962 [[Honda S360]]/[[Honda T360|T360]] ''AS250E''
+
** Largest I4 engine (gasoline) - 3.2 L (3188 cc/194.5 in³) - 1961 [[Pontiac Tempest]] ''[[Pontiac V8 engine#195|195]]''
−
** Smallest [[I4]] engine (Diesel) - 1.25 L (1248 cc/65 in³) - 2003 [[Fiat Panda]] ''[[Fiat Multijet|Multijet]]''
+
** Largest I4 engine (Diesel) - 4.3 L (4334 cc/278 in³) - [[Isuzu N-Series|Isuzu NKR]] ''[[Isuzu 4HF1 engine|4HF1]]''
−
** Largest [[I4]] engine (gasoline) - 3.2 L (3188 cc/194.5 in³) - 1961 [[Pontiac Tempest]] ''[[Pontiac V8 engine#195|195]]''
+
* [[V4 engine]]
−
** Largest [[I4]] engine (Diesel) - 4.3 L (4334 cc/278 in³) - [[Isuzu N-Series|Isuzu NKR]] ''[[Isuzu 4HF1 engine|4HF1]]''
+
** Smallest V4 engine - 0.9 L (903 cc/55 in³) - 1939 [[Lancia Ardea]] ''[[Lancia V4 engine|V4]]''
−
 
+
** Largest V4 engine - 2.6 L (2568 cc/157 in³) - 1930 [[Lancia Lambda]] ''[[Lancia V4 engine|V4]]''
−
* [[V4]]
+
* [[Straight-5]] (I5)
−
** Smallest [[V4]] engine - 0.9 L (903 cc/55 in³) - 1939 [[Lancia Ardea]] ''[[Lancia V4 engine|V4]]''
+
** Smallest I5 engine (gasoline) - 1.9 L (1921 cc/117 in³) - 1981 [[Audi 100]] 1.9 E
−
** Largest [[V4]] engine - 2.6 L (2568 cc/157 in³) - 1930 [[Lancia]] [[Lancia Lambda|Lambda]] ''[[Lancia V4 engine|V4]]''
+
** Smallest I5 engine (Diesel) - 2.0 L (1986 cc/121 in³) - 1978 [[Audi 100]] 2.0 D
−
 
+
** Largest I5 engine (gasoline) - 3.7 L (3653 cc/223 in³) - 2007 [[General Motors Corporation|GM]] ''[[GM Atlas engine#LLR|Atlas L5R 3700]]''
−
* [[Straight-5]]
+
** Largest I5 engine (Diesel) - 3.5 L (3469 cc/212 in³) - 1990 [[Toyota Land Cruiser|Land Cruiser]] ''[[Toyota PZ engine|1PZ]]'' [[Diesel]]
−
** Smallest [[I5]] engine (gasoline) - 1.9 L (1921 cc/117 in³) - 1981 [[Audi 100]] 1.9 E
+
* [[Straight-6]] (I6)
−
** Smallest [[I5]] engine (Diesel) - 2.0 L (1986 cc/121 in³) - 1978 [[Audi 100]] 2.0 D
+
** Smallest I6 engine (gasoline) - 1.5 L (1488 cc/91 in³) - 1948 [[Maserati A6G]]
−
** Largest [[I5]] engine (gasoline) - 3.5 L (3464 cc/211 in³) - 2004 [[General Motors|GM]] ''[[GM Atlas engine#L52|Atlas L52 3500]]''
+
** Smallest I6 engine (Diesel) - 2.4 L (2383 cc/145 in³) - 1979 [[Volvo 240]] ''[[Volvo D24 engine|D24]]''
−
** Largest [[I5]] engine (Diesel) - 3.5 L (3469 cc/212 in³) - 1990 [[Toyota Land Cruiser|Land Cruiser]] ''[[Toyota PZ engine|1PZ]]'' [[Diesel]]
+
** Largest I6 engine (gasoline) - 4.9 L (4917 cc/300 in³) - 1965 [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] ''[[Ford Straight-6 engine#300|300]]''
−
 
+
** Largest I6 engine (Diesel) - 5.9 L (5883 cc/359 in³) - 1989 [[Dodge Ram|Dodge Ram 250/350]] ''[[Cummins]] [[Cummins B Series engine|B series turbodiesel]]''
−
* [[Straight-6]]
+
* [[V6 engine]]
−
** Smallest [[I6]] engine (gasoline) - 1.5 L (1488 cc/91 in³) - 1948 [[Maserati A6G]]
+
** Smallest V6 engine (gasoline) - 1.0 L - 1960s [[DKW]] [[DKW F102|F102]] (a two-stroke V6) ''(about 100 produced for testing, 13 fitted to road cars)''[http://www.dyna.co.za/cars/specs.htm]
−
** Smallest [[I6]] engine (Diesel) - 2.4 L (2383 cc/145 in³) - 1979 [[Volvo 240]] ''[[Volvo D24 engine|D24]]''
+
***Honorable mention: 1.6 L (1597 cc/97 in³) - 1992 [[Mitsubishi Lancer]] ''[[Mitsubishi 6A10 engine|6A10]]''
−
** Largest [[I6]] engine (gasoline) - 4.9 L (4917 cc/300 in³) - 1965 [[Ford]] ''[[Ford Straight-6 engine#300|300]]''
+
** Smallest V6 engine (Diesel) - 2.5 L (2496 cc/152 in³) - 1996 [[Audi|Audi/VW]] 2.5 TDI (in multiple cars)
−
** Largest [[I6]] engine (Diesel) - 5.9 L (5883 cc/359 in³) - 1989 [[Dodge Ram|Dodge Ram 250/350]] ''[[Cummins]] [[Cummins B Series engine|B series turbodiesel]]''
+
** Largest V6 engine (gasoline) - 5.8 L (5755 cc/351 in³) - 1966 [[GMC (General Motors division)|GMC]] 1000-3500 series ''[[GMC V6 engine|351E 60° V6]]''
−
 
+
** Largest V6 engine (Diesel) - 4.3 L (4304 cc/262 in³) - 1982 [[General Motors Corporation|GM]] ''LT6''
−
* [[V6]]
+
* [[V8 engine]]
−
** Smallest [[V6]] engine (gasoline) - 1.6 L (1597 cc/97 in³) - 1992 [[Mitsubishi Lancer]] ''[[Mitsubishi 6A10 engine|6A10]]''
+
** Smallest V8 engine (gasoline) - 2.0 L (1990 cc/121 in³) - 1975 [[Ferrari GT4#208 GT4|Ferrari 208 GT4]]
−
** Smallest [[V6]] engine (Diesel) - 2.5 L (2496 cc/152 in³) - 1996 [[Audi|Audi/VW]] 2.5 TDI (in multiple cars)
 
−
** Largest [[V6]] engine (gasoline) - 4.3 L (4300 cc/262 in³) - 1985 [[General Motors|GM]] ''[[GM Vortec engine#4300|Vortec 4300]]''
 
−
** Largest [[V6]] engine (Diesel) - 4.3 L (4304 cc/262 in³) - 1982 [[General Motors|GM]] ''LT6''
 
−
 
 
−
* [[V8]]
 
−
** Smallest [[V8]] engine (gasoline) - 2.0 L (1990 cc/121 in³) - 1975 [[Ferrari GT4#208 GT4|Ferrari 208 GT4]]
 
 
*** Others: [[ATS (automobile)|ATS]]/[[BRM]]/[[Coventry Climax]] and [[Ferrari]] [[Formula One]] 1.5 L V8 engines ''(none of them used in a road car)''
 
*** Others: [[ATS (automobile)|ATS]]/[[BRM]]/[[Coventry Climax]] and [[Ferrari]] [[Formula One]] 1.5 L V8 engines ''(none of them used in a road car)''
−
** Smallest [[V8]] engine (Diesel) - 3.3 L (3328 cc/203 in³) - 2000 [[Audi A8]] ''3.3 [[TDI]]''
+
*** Smallest American V8 engine - 3.4 L (3391 cc/207 in³) - 1996 [[Ford Taurus]] ''[[Ford Taurus#Third generation SHO|SHO V8]]''
−
** Largest [[V8]] engine (gasoline) - 8.1 L (8194 cc/500 in³) - 1970 [[Cadillac Eldorado]] ''[[Cadillac V8 engine#1963|500]]''
+
** Smallest V8 engine (Diesel) - 3.3 L (3328 cc/203 in³) - 2000 [[Audi A8]] ''3.3 [[Turbo Direct Injection|TDI]]''
−
** Largest [[V8]] engine (Diesel) - 7.3 L (7275 cc/444 in³) - 1997 [[Ford F-Series|Ford F250]] ''[[Ford Power Stroke engine|Power Stroke]]''
+
** Largest V8 engine (gasoline) - 8.2 L (8194 cc/500 in³) - 1970 [[Cadillac Eldorado]] ''[[Cadillac V8 engine#1963|500]]''
−
** Smallest American [[V8]] engine - 3.4 L (3391 cc/207 in³) - 1996 [[Ford Taurus]] ''[[Ford Taurus#SHO 3|SHO V8]]''
+
***Honorable mention: 9.3 L (9373 cc/572in³) - (2003 Chevrolet crate motor)
−
** Largest [[small-block]] [[V8]] engine - 6.7 L (6689 cc/408 in³) - [[Ford 335 engine#400|Ford 400 Cleveland]]
+
***Honorable mention: 10.4 L (10357 cc/632in³) - (2006 World Castings Merlin 632)
−
 
+
*** Largest [[small-block]] V8 engine - 7.0 L (7008 cc/428 in³) - [[GM LS7 engine#400|2006 Chevrolet Corvette Z06]]
−
* [[V10]]
+
** Largest V8 engine (Diesel) - 7.3 L (7275 cc/444 in³) - 1997 [[Ford F-Series|Ford F250]] ''[[Ford Power Stroke engine|Power Stroke]]''
−
** Smallest [[V10]] engine - 4.9 L (4921 cc/301 in³) - [[Volkswagen Touareg]] V10 TDI
+
* [[V10 engine]]
−
** Largest [[V10]] engine - 8.3 L (8277 cc/505 in³) - 2003 [[Dodge Viper]]
+
** Smallest V10 engine - 4.9 L (4921 cc/301 in³) - [[Volkswagen Touareg]] V10 TDI
−
 
+
** Largest V10 engine - 8.3 L (8277 cc/505 in³) - 2003 [[Dodge Viper]]
−
* [[V12]]
+
* [[V12 engine]]
−
** Smallest [[V12]] engine - 2.0 L (1995 cc/122 in³) - 1948 [[Ferrari 166|Ferrari 166 Inter]] ''[[Ferrari Colombo engine|Colombo]]''
+
** Smallest V12 engine - 2.0 L (1995 cc/122 in³) - 1948 [[Ferrari 166|Ferrari 166 Inter]] ''[[Ferrari Colombo engine|Colombo]]''
−
** Largest [[V12]] engine - 7.3 L (7291c cc/445 in³)- 2002 [[Pagani Zonda]] C12S ''[[Aufrecht Melcher Grossaspach|AMG]]-Mercedes''
+
** Largest V12 engine - 7.5 L (7467c cc/456 in³)- 1934 [[Packard Twelve Victoria]]
−
*** Honorable mention: The TVR Cerbera Speed 12 prototype had 7730 cc but the car never entered production.
+
*** Honorable mention: - 7.3L - 2005 Pagani Zonda
−
 
+
*** Honorable mention: - 7.7 L (7730 cc/471 in³) - [[TVR Cerbera Speed 12]] (''Vehicle never reached production'').
−
* [[V16]]
+
* [[W12 engine]]
−
:''Note:'' The 6.0 L (366 in³) [[V16]] in the 1995 [[Cizeta-Moroder V16T]] is the only post-war V16 production engine. A 13.6 L [[V16]] was used in the [[General Motors]] [[concept car]] [[Cadillac Sixteen]].
+
** Largest W12 engine - 6.0 L (6000 cc/366 cu in³) 2005 [[Audi A8]]
 +
* [[V16 engine]]
 +
** Largest V16 engine - 7.4 L (7406 cc/452 in³)- 1930 [[Cadillac V16]]
 +
*** Honorable mention: 13.6 L (13600 cc/829 cu in³) 2003 Cadillac Sixteen ([[concept car]])
 +
* [[W16 engine]]
 +
** Largest W16 engine - 8.0 L (7993 cc) - 2005 [[Bugatti Veyron 16.4]]
  
 
==Dimensions==
 
==Dimensions==
−
 
 
===Overall===
 
===Overall===
−
 
+
* Longest - 6650 mm (261.8 in) - 2006 [[Ford F-350]] Super Duty Crew Cab Long Bed
−
* Shortest (3 wheels) - 1340 mm (52.8 in) - 1962 [[Peel P50]]
+
** Passenger car - 6426 mm (253 in) - 1975 [[Cadillac Fleetwood|Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five]]
−
* Shortest (4 wheels) - 2286 mm (90 in) - 1956 [[Isetta]]
+
*** Honorable mention - 6400 mm (252 in) - 1932 [[Bugatti Royale]] (''Few produced'')
−
* Longest - 6,426 mm (253 in) - 1975 [[Cadillac Fleetwood|Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five]]
+
** Commercial - 6852 mm (269.8 in) - [[Checker Aerocar]]
−
** Honorable mention - 6852 mm (269.8 in) - [[Checker Aerocar]] ''(Not a consumer vehicle)''
+
*** Honorable mention - 6680 mm (263.0 in) - 2005 [[Dodge Sprinter|Dodge Sprinter High Roof]]
−
* Lowest
+
* Widest - 2118 mm (83.39 in) - 2006 [[Bentley Continental Flying Spur]]
−
* Highest
+
* Highest - 2037 mm (80.2 in) - 2005 [[Ford Excursion]] 4x4 SUV
 +
** Honorable mention - 2631 mm (103.6 in) - 2005 [[Dodge Sprinter|Dodge Sprinter High Roof]] (''Not a consumer vehicle'')
 +
** Honorable mention - 1632 mm (64.3 in) - 2006 [[Rolls Royce Phantom]] ("Highest passenger car")
 +
* Shortest - 1340 mm (52.8 in) - 1962 [[Peel P50]] (3 wheels)
 +
** Honorable mention - 2286 mm (90 in) - 1956 [[Isetta]] (4 wheels)
 +
* Lowest - 1020 mm (40 in) - 1966 [[Ford GT40]] (
 +
** Honorable mention - 37 in (940 mm) - [[Concept Cars Ltd|Concept]] [[Concept Centaur GT|Centaur GT]] ''(Not a production car)''
  
 
===[[Wheelbase]]===
 
===[[Wheelbase]]===
−
 
+
* Longest wheelbase - 4475 mm (176.2 in) - 2006 [[Ford F-Series|Ford F-350 Super Duty Chassis Crew Cab]]  (truck)
 +
** Honorable mention - 3900 mm (153.3 in) - 1964 [[Mercedes-Benz 600]] - longest wheelbase car
 +
** Honorable mention - 4800 mm (189 in) - [[Checker Aerocar]] (''Not a consumer vehicle'')
 
* Shortest wheelbase - 1500 mm (59.1 in) - 1956 [[Isetta]]
 
* Shortest wheelbase - 1500 mm (59.1 in) - 1956 [[Isetta]]
−
** Others:
+
** Honorable mention - 1800 mm (70.9 in) - 2003 [[Suzuki Twin]]
−
*** 1800 mm (70.9 in) - 2003 [[Suzuki Twin]]
 
−
*** 1812 mm (81.3 in) - 1998 [[Smart (automobile)|Smart Fortwo]]
 
−
* Longest wheelbase - 151.5 in (3848 mm) - 1971-1976 [[Cadillac Fleetwood|Cadillac Fleetwood Seventy-Five]] sedan
 
−
** Honorable mention - 4800 mm (189 in) - [[Checker Aerocar]] (''Not a consumer vehicle'')
 
  
 
===Track===
 
===Track===
 +
* Widest Front - 1819 mm (71.6 in) - 1993 [[Hummer H1]]
 +
* Widest Rear - 1819 mm (71.6 in) - 1993 [[Hummer H1]]
 +
* Narrowest Front - 1200 mm (47.2 in) - [[Isetta]]
 +
* Narrowest Rear - 521 mm (20.5 in) - [[Isetta]]
  
 
===Weight===
 
===Weight===
−
 
+
* Heaviest passenger vehicle - 3550 kg (7826 lb) [[curb weight]] - 2006 [[ZIL-41047]] - Russian limousine
 +
* Lightest passenger vehicle (4 wheels) - 350 kg (770 lb) [[DIN]] - 1956 [[Isetta]]
 +
** Honorable mention - 370 kg (816 lb) [[DIN]] - 1992 [[LCC Rocket]]
 
* Lightest passenger vehicle (3 wheels) - 59 kg (132 lb) [[DIN]] - 1962 [[Peel P50]]
 
* Lightest passenger vehicle (3 wheels) - 59 kg (132 lb) [[DIN]] - 1962 [[Peel P50]]
−
* Lightest passenger vehicle (4 wheels) - 350 kg (770 lb) [[DIN]] - 1956 [[Isetta]]
 
−
** Others:
 
−
*** 370 kg (816 lb) [[DIN]] - 1992 [[LCC Rocket]]
 
−
* Heaviest passenger vehicle - 3428 kg (7558 lb) [[curb weight]] - 2006 [[Hummer H1]] Alpha
 
  
 
===Other===
 
===Other===
−
 
+
* Largest iron [[disc brake|brake disc]] - 405 mm (16 in) - 2004 [[Bentley Continental GT]]
−
* Largest [[disc brake|brake disc]] - 406 mm (16 in) - 2004 [[Bentley Continental GT]]
+
* Largest carbon ceramic [[disc brake|brake disc]] - 420 mm (16.5 in) - 2006 [[Bentley Continental GT]] Diamond Series
 +
* Largest fuel tank - 276.34 L (73 US gallons) - 2006 [[International CXT]]
 +
* Largest tires (height) - 1041.4 mm (41 in) - 2006 [[International CXT]]
 +
* Largest tires (weight) - 90.71 kg (200 lb) - 2006 [[International CXT]]
  
 
==Power==
 
==Power==
−
 
 
===Most power===
 
===Most power===
−
*Petrol/gasoline - ([[naturally-aspirated]]) - 485 kW (660 [[horse power#PS|PS]]/651 [[horse power|hp]]) - 2003 [[Ferrari Enzo]] [[V12]] (Note: the Enzo's status is disputed since the car was not available for sale to the public but to a private group of individuals selected by Ferrari)
+
* Petrol/Gasoline - ([[naturally-aspirated]]) - 485 kW (660 [[horse power#PS|PS]]/651 [[horse power|hp]]) - 2003 [[Ferrari Enzo]] V12 engine
−
** Honorable mention: 461 kW (627hp) - [[McLaren F1]] (note: the McLaren is listed by various sources as having both 627bhp as well as 627PS - due to the lack of a definitive rating, the power is listed here as 627 horsepower)
 
−
** Honorable mention: 465 kW (632 PS/624 hp) - 2004 [[Maserati MC12]]
 
 
** Honorable mention: The [[TVR Cerbera Speed 12]] prototype produced an estimated 701 kW (953 PS/940 hp) (the central shaft of TVR's dynamometer snapped before they could complete the test) but the car never entered production
 
** Honorable mention: The [[TVR Cerbera Speed 12]] prototype produced an estimated 701 kW (953 PS/940 hp) (the central shaft of TVR's dynamometer snapped before they could complete the test) but the car never entered production
−
** Front-wheel drive: 287 kW (385 hp) ([[gross]]) 1966 [[Oldsmobile]] [[Oldsmobile Toronado|Toronado]]
+
** Front-wheel drive: 226 kW (307 PS/303 hp) - [[GM LS engine#LS4|GM LS4]], 2005 [[Chevrolet Impala|Chevrolet Impala SS]] and [[Chevrolet Monte Carlo|Monte Carlo SS]]
−
*Petrol/Gasoline - (forced-induction) - 601 kW (817 PS/806 hp) - 2004 [[Koenigsegg CCR]] [[supercharged]] [[V8]]
+
*** Honorable mention: 287 kW (385 hp) ([[gross]]) 1966 [[Oldsmobile]] [[Oldsmobile Toronado|Toronado]], less net power than Impala/Monte Carlo
−
*[[Diesel]] - 243 kW (330 PS/326 hp) - [[BMW M67]], 2006 [[BMW E65|BMW 745d]]
+
*Petrol/Gasoline - (forced-induction) - 736 kW (1001 PS/987 hp) - 2005 [[Bugatti Veyron 16.4]] [[Turbocharger|quad-turbocharged]] W16 engine.
 +
** Honorable mention: The [[Koenigsegg CCX]]'s [[Supercharger|twin-supercharged]] [[V8]] produces 806 hp (601 kW) and 678 lbf.ft (920 Nm) on 91 [[Octane rating#Measurement methods|octane]] (MON) gasoline, 850 hp (634 kW) on 95 RON gasoline and 900 hp (671 kW) on [[biofuel]], making it possibly the worlds most powerful supercharged production car.
 +
*[[Diesel]] passenger car - 243 kW (330 PS/326 hp) - [[BMW M67]], 2006 [[BMW E65|BMW 745d]]
 +
*[[Diesel]] truck - 268 kw (360 hp) - 2006 [[Chevrolet Silverado]]/[[GMC Sierra]] 6.6 L [[GM Duramax engine#LBZ|Duramax LBZ]] [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] V8 engine
  
 
===Most torque===
 
===Most torque===
−
*Petrol (naturally-aspirated) - 2003 [[Dodge Viper]] SRT-10 - 712 Nm (525 ft·lbf) - 8.3 liter (505 in³) [[V10]] engine.
+
*Petrol (naturally-aspirated) - 760 N·m (561 ft·lbf), 2005 [[Pagani Zonda]] ''F'' 7.3 L (445 in³) V12 engine.
−
*Petrol (forced-induction) - 2003 [[Mercedes CL]] ''65 AMG'' - 1000 Nm (736 ft·lbf) - 6.0 liter (366 in³) [[turbocharged]] [[V12]] engine.
+
*Petrol (forced-induction) - 1250 N·m (922 ft·lbf), 2005 [[Bugatti Veyron]] 8.0 L (488 in³) [[Turbocharger|quad-turbocharged]] W16 engine.
−
*Diesel - 2005 [[Dodge Ram]] (Cummins 610 Turbodiesel), 826 Nm (610 ft·lbf)
+
*Diesel - 881 N·m (650 ft·lbf), 2006 [[Chevrolet Silverado]]/[[GMC Sierra]] 6.6 L [[GM Duramax engine#LBZ|Duramax LBZ]] [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] V8 engine
  
 
===Most specific power (power to weight ratio)===
 
===Most specific power (power to weight ratio)===
−
 
+
* 100–200 hp — 288.75 hp/metric ton (7.64 lb/hp) — [[Lotus 340R]], 190 hp (142 kW) and 658 kg (1451 lb)
−
* 100–200 hp — 288.75 hp/ton (7.6 lb/hp) — [[Lotus 340R]], 190 hp (142 kW) and 658 kg (1451 lb)
+
* 200–300 hp — 657 hp/metric ton (3.35 lb/hp) — [[Ariel Atom]] 2 [[supercharged]] 300 hp (224 kW) and 456 kg (1005 lb)
−
* 200–300 hp — 266 hp/ton (8.5 lb/hp) — 1994 [[TVR Griffith]] 4.3 liter 280 hp (209 kW) and 1080 kg (2381 lb)
+
* 300–400 hp — 381 hp/metric ton (5.79 lb/hp) — 2003 [[TVR Tuscan]] S 400 hp (298 kW) and 1050 kg (2315 lb)
−
** 657 bhp/ton (3.0 lb/hp) — [[Ariel (vehicle)|Ariel]] Atom 2 [[supercharged]] 300 bhp (224 kW) and 456 kg (1005 lb) (Can now be made road legal in many states of the US with local production starting late 2005)
+
* 400+ hp — 683 hp/metric ton (3.12 lb/hp) — 2004 [[Koenigsegg CCR]] [[supercharged]] V8 engine 806 hp (468 kW) and 1180 kg (2513 lb)
−
* 300–400 hp — 381 hp/ton (5.8 lb/hp) — 2003 [[TVR Tuscan]] S 400 hp (298 kW) and 1050 kg (2315 lb)
 
−
* 400+ hp — 620 bhp/ton (3.2 lb/hp) — 2004 [[Koenigsegg CCR]] [[supercharged]] [[V8]] 806 hp (468 kW) and 1180 kg (2513 lb)
 
  
 
===Most specific engine output (power per unit volume)===
 
===Most specific engine output (power per unit volume)===
−
*[[Naturally-aspirated]] [[rotary engine]] - 140.5 kW (191.1 PS/188.8 hp) /liter - [[Mazda RX-8]] ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#Renesis|Renesis]]'' (184 kW (250 PS/247 hp) [[Japanese Industrial Standard|JIS]] 1.3 L)
+
*[[Naturally-aspirated]] [[rotary engine]] - 140.5 kW (191.1 PS/188.8 hp) /litre - [[Mazda RX-8]] ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#Renesis|Renesis]]'' (184 kW (250 PS/247 hp) [[Japanese Industrial Standard|JIS]] 1.3 L)
−
*Forced-induction [[rotary engine]] - 157.4 kW (214.1 PS/160.6 hp)/liter - 2003 [[Mazda RX-7]] Type R Bathurst'' [[Mazda Wankel engine#13B|13B-REW]]'' (206 kW (280 PS/276 hp [[Japanese Industrial Standard|JIS]] 1.3 L)
+
*Forced-induction [[rotary engine]] - 157.4 kW (214.1 PS/212.3 hp)/litre - 2003 [[Mazda RX-7]] ''[[Mazda Wankel engine#13B|13B-REW]]'' (206 kW (280 PS/276 hp [[Japanese Industrial Standard|JIS]] 1.3 L)
−
*Petrol/Gasoline ([[naturally-aspirated]]) [[piston engine]] - 92.1 kW (125.2 PS/123.7 hp)/liter - 2000 [[Honda S2000]] ''[[Honda F20C engine|F20C]]'' (184 kW (250 PS/247 hp) [[JIS]] 2.0 L [[I4]])
+
*Petrol/Gasoline ([[naturally-aspirated]]) [[piston engine]] - 92.1 kW (125.2 PS/123.7 hp)/litre - 2000 [[Honda S2000]] ''[[Honda F20C engine|F20C]]'' (184 kW (250 PS/247 hp) [[JIS]] 2.0 L [[Straight-4|I4]])
−
:''Note:'' This output is available in the Japanese market only
+
:* Honorable mention: 168 hp (125.3 kW)/litre - 2002 [[Radical Motorsport]] ''SR3'' (252 hp (184 kW) 1.5 L I4 engine) - (''Note:'' The Radical's status as a production car is disputed, and numbers refer to the competition version, there are no official data for the road version)
−
:* Honorable mention: 168 hp (125.3 kW)/liter - 2002 [[Radical Motorsport]] ''SR3'' (252 hp (184 kW) 1.5 L [[I4]]) - (''Note:'' The Radical's status as a production car is disputed, and numbers refer to the competition version, there is no official data for the road version)
+
:* Honorable mention: 125 hp/liter - 1968 [[Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale]] (250 hp from a 2.0 liter [[V8]] engine) - note: only 18 cars were built by the factory, at US$17,000 it was the most expensive car available to the public at the time.
−
*Petrol/Gasoline (forced-induction) [[piston engine]] - 261.9 bhp per liter, (550bhp, 2.1 liter [[I4]] turbo) ''[[Ford RS200]]'' Evo
+
*Petrol/Gasoline (forced-induction) [[piston engine]] - 149 kW (203 PS/200 hp)/litre 400 hp - 2005 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII FQ400 (298 kW (405 PS/400 hp) 2.0 L [[straight-4|I4]] (''The FQ400's status as a "production car" is disputed'')
−
**Honorable mention: 126 kW (171.4 PS/169.7 hp)/liter (441 kW (600 PS/594 hp) [[DIN]] 3.5L [[V12]] quad-turbo) - [[Bugatti EB110]] ''Super Sport''
+
**Honorable Mention: 126 kW (171.4 PS/169.7 hp)/litre (441 kW (600 PS/594 hp) [[DIN]] 3.5 L V12 quad-turbo) - [[Bugatti EB110]] ''Super Sport''
−
*[[Diesel]] ([[naturally-aspirated]]) - 33.4 kW (45.4 PS/44.7 hp)/litre (100 kW (136 PS/134 hp) [[DIN]] 3.0 L [[I6]]) - 1995 [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class|Mercedes E 300 D]]
+
**Honorable mention: 179.3 kW (243.8 PS/240,5 kW)/litre (537 kW (730 PS/720 hp) 3.0 L [[flat-6]] twin-turbo) - [[Dauer 962 LeMans]] (''Road version of the Group C [[Porsche 962]]'')
−
*[[Diesel]] (forced-induction) - 66.8 kW (90.9 PS/89.5 hp)/litre (200 kW (272 PS/268 hp) [[DIN]] 3.0 L [[I6]] twin-turbo) - 2005 [[BMW 5-Series|BMW 535d]]
+
*[[Diesel]] ([[naturally-aspirated]]) - 33.4 kW (45.4 PS/44.7 hp)/litre (100 kW (136 PS/134 hp) [[DIN]] 3.0 L [[Straight-6|I6]]) - 1995 [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class|Mercedes E 300 D]]
 +
*[[Diesel]] (forced-induction) - 66.8 kW (90.9 PS/89.5 hp)/litre (200 kW (272 PS/268 hp) [[DIN]] 3.0 L [[Straight-6|I6]] twin-turbo) - 2005 [[BMW 5-Series|BMW 535d]]
 +
** Honorable Mention: 81.6 kW (111 PS/109.5 hp)/litre (156 kW (212 PS/209 hp) 1.9 L I4 twin-turbo) - 2003 [[Opel Vectra]] OPC Concept (''Not a production vehicle'')
  
−
===Most specific torque (torque per unit volume)===
+
===Most specific torque (torque per unit displacement)===
−
*Petrol ([[naturally-aspirated]]) - 114 Nm (84 ft.lbf)/litre (370 Nm (273 ft.lbf)) - 2003 [[BMW M3]] ''CSL''
+
*Petrol ([[naturally-aspirated]]) - 114 N·m (84 ft·lbf)/litre (370 N·m (273 ft·lbf)) - 2003 [[BMW M3]] ''CSL''
−
*Petrol (forced-induction) - 206.6 Nm (152.2 ft.lbf)/litre (412 Nm (304 ft.lbf)) - 2004 [[Subaru Impreza]] ''WRX STi'' (japanese market)
+
** Honorable mention: 119 N·m (87.8 ft·lbf)/litre (125 N·m (92.2 ft·lbf)) - Wartburg 353 Rallye Version (i3 engine 1050 cm3)
−
** Honorable mention: 233.6 Nm (172.1 ft.lbf)/litre - 700 Nm/516 ft.lbf [[Dauer 962]], road-going [[Porsche 962]] replica
+
*Petrol (forced-induction) - 216.6 N·m (159.5 ft·lbf)/litre (432 N·m (318 ft·lbf)) - 2005 [[Subaru Impreza]] ''S204''
−
*Petrol ([[naturally-aspirated]] [[rotary engine]]) - 170.8 Nm (126.2 ft.lbf)/litre (222 Nm (164 ft.lbf)) - 2005 [[Mazda RX-8]]
+
** Honorable mention: 233.6 N·m (172.3 ft·lbf)/litre - 700 N·m/516 ft·lbf [[Dauer 962 LeMans]] (''Road-going version of the Group C [[Porsche 962]]'')
−
*Petrol (forced-induction [[rotary engine]]) - 226.3 Nm (166.9 ft.lbf)/litre (294 Nm (217 ft.lbf)) - 1995 [[Mazda RX-7]] ''Turbo''
+
*Petrol ([[naturally-aspirated]] [[rotary engine]]) - 170.8 N·m (126.0 ft·lbf)/litre (222 N·m (164 ft·lbf)) - 2005 [[Mazda RX-8]]
−
*Diesel - 187.1 Nm (138 ft.lbf)/litre (560 Nm (413 ft.lbf)) - 2005 [[BMW 5-Series|BMW 535d]]
+
*Petrol (forced-induction [[rotary engine]]) - 226.3 N·m (166.9 ft·lbf)/litre (294 N·m (217 ft·lbf)) - 1995 [[Mazda RX-7]] ''Turbo''
 +
*Diesel - 187.1 N·m (138 ft·lbf)/litre (560 N·m (413 ft·lbf)) - 2005 [[BMW 5-Series|BMW 535d]]
 +
** Honorable mention: 210.5 N·m (154.8 ft·lbf)/litre (400 N·m (294 ft·lbf)) - 2003 [[Opel Vectra]] OPC Concept (''Not a production vehicle'')
  
 
===Least specific engine output (power per unit volume)===
 
===Least specific engine output (power per unit volume)===
−
* Petrol - 22.5 hp (16.8 kW)/litre (115 hp (85.8 kW) 5.1 L V8) - 1973 [[Chevrolet Small-Block engine|Chevrolet 307]]
+
* Petrol - 22.5 hp (16.8 kW)/litre, 1973 [[Chevrolet Small-Block engine|Chevrolet 307]] 5.1 L V8, 115 hp (85.8 kW)
−
* Diesel - 18.4 hp (13.7 kW)/litre (105 hp (78.3 kW) 5.7 L V8) - 1980 [[Oldsmobile V8 engine#LF9|Oldsmobile LF9 engine]]
+
* Diesel - 18.4 hp (13.7 kW)/litre, 1980 [[Oldsmobile V8 engine#LF9|Oldsmobile LF9 engine]] 5.7 L V8, 105 hp (78.3 kW)
 +
 
 +
==Economy==
 +
* Highest USA [[Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] mileage - 61/66 [[mpg]] (3.9/3.6 L/100 km) - 2005 [[Honda Insight]] 5-speed
 +
* Lowest EU average fuel consumption - 2.99 L/100 km (78.6 mpg (US)) - 2002 [[VW Lupo]] 1.2 TDI 5-speed
 +
** Honorable mention: 0.89 L/100 km (264 mpg (US)) - 2002 [[Volkswagen 1-litre car]] (''Not a production car'') [http://www.seriouswheels.com/top-vw-1-liter-car.htm]
 +
* Longest 90% range - 1500 km (932 mi) - 2005 Mercedes E220 CDI with 6-speed manual and optional 80 Liter fuel tank, calculated by using extra-urban Euro cycle mileage of 4.8 L/100 km (49 mpg)
  
 
==Performance==
 
==Performance==
−
* Highest USA [[EPA]] mileage - 61/66 [[mpg]] (3.9/3.6 L/100 km) - 2005 [[Honda Insight]] 5-speed
+
* Quickest 0-60 mph (roughly equal to 0-100 km/h):
−
* Lowest EU average fuel consumption - 2.99 L/100 km (78.6 mpg (US)) - 2002 [[VW Lupo]] 1.2 TDI 5-speed
+
** 2.5 s - 2006 [[Bugatti Veyron]]
−
* Quickest 0-60 mph (roughly equal to 0-100 km/h):
+
** Sports car (4 seat) - 3.4 s - 2006 [[Porsche]] 911 Turbo
−
** 2.1 s - 1984 [[Ford RS200]] Evo
 
−
***Honorable mention - 2.8 seconds - 2005 [[Ultima GTR]] [http://www.ultimasports.co.uk/newrecord.html] - (''Note:'' production numbers for GTR are not available and the GTR's status as a "production car" is disputed)
 
−
** Sports car (4 seat) - 3.8 s - 2000 [[TVR]] Cerbera (4.5 liter version)
 
 
** 4-door car - 3.5 s - 2005 [[Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution|Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII FQ400]] 2.0 L (''Note:'' the FQ400's status as a "production car" is disputed)
 
** 4-door car - 3.5 s - 2005 [[Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution|Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII FQ400]] 2.0 L (''Note:'' the FQ400's status as a "production car" is disputed)
 
** Pickup truck - 4.9 s - 2004 [[Dodge Ram]] ''SRT-10''
 
** Pickup truck - 4.9 s - 2004 [[Dodge Ram]] ''SRT-10''
−
* Quickest 0-100-0 mph:
+
***Honorable mention: 1991 GMC Syclone - Car & Driver got 0-60 in 4.6 Seconds (Nov '90) and later 5.3 Seconds (Sep '91), Sport Truck (Jan '91) got 4.8 seconds, Off Road magazine (Feb '91) got 4.3 Seconds (Feb '91), and Autoweek got 5.2 seconds but quoted GMC's estimate of 4.6 seconds and cited unfavorable temperature and track conditions. 
−
**Sports car (2 seat) - 11.5 sec - [[McLaren F1]] LM (''Note:'' this is the best 0-100-0 time for an undisputed production car)
+
* Quickest 0-100-0 mph:
−
***Honorable mention: 9.8 seconds - 2005 [[Ultima GTR]] [http://www.ultimasports.co.uk/newrecord.html] - (''Note:'' production numbers for GTR are not available and the GTR's status as a "production car" is disputed)
+
**Sports car (2 seat) - 9.9 sec - 2006 Bugatti Veyron <sup>[http://www.autocar.co.uk/popups/video.asp?ar=220983]</sup>
−
***Honorable mention: 10.73&nbsp;sec - 2004 Caterham 500 - (''Note:'' the Caterham's status as a "production car" is disputed)
+
***Honorable mention: 9.4 seconds - 2006 [[Ultima GTR]]-720<sup>[http://www.ultimasports.co.uk/records/part6.html]</sup> - (''Note:'' production numbers for GTR-720 are not available and the GTR's status as a "production car" is disputed)
−
***Honorable mention: 10.88&nbsp;sec - [[Ariel (vehicle)|Ariel]] Atom 2 300 Supercharged - (''Note:'' in a 2005 issue of the car magazine, [[Autocar]], the Ariel Atom 2 was tested and completed the 0-100-0 run in the time shown)
 
 
* Highest top speed:
 
* Highest top speed:
−
** Sports car - 400&nbsp;km/h (248.6&nbsp;mph) - [[Bugatti Veyron 16.4]][[http://www.bugatti-cars.de/bugatti/]] (note: the car is now offered for sale to the public, but has not yet sold 25 copies)
+
** Sports car - 407&nbsp;km/h (253&nbsp;mph) - [[Bugatti Veyron 16.4]]<sup>[http://www.caranddriver.com/article.asp?section_id=19&article_id=10108]</sup>
 
** 4-door car - 312&nbsp;km/h (195&nbsp;mph) - 2005 [[Bentley Continental Flying Spur]]
 
** 4-door car - 312&nbsp;km/h (195&nbsp;mph) - 2005 [[Bentley Continental Flying Spur]]
−
** Pickup truck - 249&nbsp;km/h (154.6&nbsp;mph) - 2004 [[Dodge Ram]] SRT-10
+
** Pickup truck/Utility - 271.44&nbsp;km/h (168.66&nbsp;mph) - 2006 HSV Maloo R8
  
 
==Sales==
 
==Sales==
 
:''See also [[List of bestselling vehicle nameplates]]''
 
:''See also [[List of bestselling vehicle nameplates]]''
−
 
 
* Best-selling models:
 
* Best-selling models:
−
** Best-selling car nameplate - [[Toyota Corolla]] ''(more than 27,000,000 sold in nine generations since 1966)''  
+
** Best-selling car nameplate - [[Toyota Corolla]] ''(more than 32,000,000 sold in nine generations since 1966)''  
−
** Best-selling vehicle nameplate - [[Ford F-Series]] ''(more than 29,000,000 sold since 1948)''
+
** Best-selling vehicle nameplate - [[Toyota Corolla]] ''(more than 32,000,000 sold in nine generations since 1966)''  
−
** Best-selling single model - [[Volkswagen Beetle]] ''(more than 21,000,000 of the same basic design sold worldwide between 1947 and 2003)''
+
** Best-selling single model - [[Volkswagen Beetle]] ''(21,529,464 of the same basic design sold worldwide between 1938 and 2003)''
−
** Best-selling sports car - [[Ford Mustang]] ''(more than 7,800,000 of five generations sold between 1964 and 2004)''
+
** Best-selling 2-seat car - [[Mazda Miata|Mazda Roadster/MX-5/Miata]] ''(nearly 750,000 of three generations sold between 1989 and 2006)''
−
** Best-selling 2-seat car - [[Mazda Miata|Mazda Roadster/MX-5/Miata]] ''(more than 700,000 of two generations sold between 1989 and 2004)''
+
** Best single-year sales - >1,000,000 - [[Chevrolet Impala]], 1965.[http://www.sportscarmarket.com/profiles/2006/August/American/index.html]
−
** Best single-year sales - over 912,000 - 2004 [[Ford F-Series|Ford F-150]] ''(23 years in a row as the top-selling single vehicle, 28 years as the best-selling truck in the USA)''
+
** Best single-month sales - 126,905 - July 2005 [[Ford F-Series|Ford F-150]] [http://www.ford-trucks.com/news/idx/12/264/2005/article/FORD_FSERIES_SETS_NEW_MONTHLY_SALES_RECORD_.html] (This number is for F-Series, not just F-150)
−
** Best-selling American Sedan - [[Ford Taurus]] '' (more than 7,000,000 sold in 4.5 generations sold between 1986 and 2006)
+
** Best Selling Minivan - [[Dodge Caravan]], over 11,000,000 sold.
 
* Lowest-production models: ''(excluding limited-production vehicles)''
 
* Lowest-production models: ''(excluding limited-production vehicles)''
 
** Pickup truck - avg. 223 per month, [[Lincoln Blackwood]] ''(3,356 sold in 15 months)''
 
** Pickup truck - avg. 223 per month, [[Lincoln Blackwood]] ''(3,356 sold in 15 months)''
 +
***Honorable Mention [[Mazda B-series]] (stated by Sutoline Detroit to be the worst selling vehicle currently on the market)
 
** Sports car - avg. 6 per month, [[Toyota 2000GT]] ''(337 sold in 5 years)''
 
** Sports car - avg. 6 per month, [[Toyota 2000GT]] ''(337 sold in 5 years)''
−
*** Honorable mention: avg. 79 per month, [[Bricklin SV-1]] ''(2,857 sold in 3 years)''
 
 
** SUV - avg. 4 per month, [[Lamborghini LM002]] ''(301 sold in 6 years)''
 
** SUV - avg. 4 per month, [[Lamborghini LM002]] ''(301 sold in 6 years)''
−
*** Honorable mention: avg. 200 per month, [[Suzuki X-90]] ''(7,205 sold in 3 years)''
 
 
* Marques and manufacturers:
 
* Marques and manufacturers:
−
** World's top-selling manufacturer, 2004 - [[General Motors]], followed by [[Toyota]] and [[Ford Motor Company]]
+
** World's top-selling manufacturer, 2005 - [[Toyota]]*, [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]], and [[Ford Motor Company]]
−
** United States top-selling [[marque]], 2004 - Tie, [[Ford]] and [[Chevrolet]] ''(each has a valid claim depending on which models are included)''
+
** United States top-selling [[marque]], 2005 - [[Chevrolet]] ''Total numbers stated to be just below 400,000 units''
 +
 
 +
For first ten months of 2005.*
  
 
==Firsts==
 
==Firsts==
−
Full-production vehicles are listed here. Many were preceded by racing-only cars.
+
Full-production vehicles are listed here. Many were preceded by racing-only cars.
−
 
 
 
* First automobile manufacturer - [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] (1889) (followed by [[Peugeot]] in 1891)
 
* First automobile manufacturer - [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] (1889) (followed by [[Peugeot]] in 1891)
−
* First standardized automobile - [[Benz Velo]] (1894)
+
* First standardized automobile - [[Benz Velo]] (1894) or [[Duryea Motor Wagon]] (1893)
 
* First mass-produced automobile - [[Oldsmobile Curved Dash]] (1901)
 
* First mass-produced automobile - [[Oldsmobile Curved Dash]] (1901)
−
 
+
** Honorable Mention - [[Ford Model T]], first car produced on a moving assembly line.
 
===Engine types===
 
===Engine types===
−
 
+
* [[V4 engine]]
−
* [[V4]]
+
** First V4 - 1922 [[Lancia Lambda]]
−
** First [[V4]] - 1922 [[Lancia Lambda]]
 
 
*** Honorable mention - 1903 [[Marmon]] ''(few produced)''
 
*** Honorable mention - 1903 [[Marmon]] ''(few produced)''
−
 
 
* [[Straight-6]]
 
* [[Straight-6]]
−
** First 6-cylinder - 1903 [[Napier]]
+
** First 6-cylinder - 1903 [[Napier & Son]]
−
 
+
* [[V6 engine]]
−
* [[V6]]
+
** First V6 - 1950 [[Lancia Aurelia]]
−
** First [[V6]] - 1950 [[Lancia Aurelia]]
 
 
*** Honorable mention - 1904 [[Marmon]] ''(few produced)''
 
*** Honorable mention - 1904 [[Marmon]] ''(few produced)''
−
** First American [[V6]] - 1962 [[Buick Special]]
+
** First American V6 - 1962 [[Buick Special]]
−
 
+
** First Japanese V6 engine - 1983 Nissan's VG engine series
 
* [[Straight-8]]
 
* [[Straight-8]]
−
** First [[I8]] - 1919 [[Isotta-Fraschini]]
+
** First I8 - 1919 [[Isotta-Fraschini]]
 
*** Honorable mention - 1920 [[Duesenberg]]
 
*** Honorable mention - 1920 [[Duesenberg]]
−
 
+
* [[V8 engine]]
−
* [[V8]]
+
** First V8 - 1910 [[De Dion-Bouton]]
−
** First [[V8]] - 1910 [[De Dion-Bouton]]
 
 
*** Honorable mention - 1904 [[Marmon]] ''(few produced)''
 
*** Honorable mention - 1904 [[Marmon]] ''(few produced)''
−
** First mass-produced [[V8]] - 1914 [[Cadillac]]
+
** First mass-produced V8 - 1914 [[Cadillac Type 51]]
−
** First mass-produced monobloc [[V8]] - 1932 [[Ford Model B]]
+
** First mass-produced monobloc V8 - 1932 [[Ford Model B]]
−
** First [[OHV]] [[V8]] - 1949 [[Oldsmobile V8 engine|Oldsmobile]]/[[Cadillac V8 engine#1949|Cadillac]]
+
** First [[OHV]] V8 - 1949 [[Oldsmobile V8 engine|Oldsmobile]]/[[Cadillac V8 engine#1949|Cadillac]] (Not the same engine, but both released the same year)
−
 
+
* [[V10 engine]]
−
* [[V10]]
+
** First V10 (road car) - 1992 [[Dodge Viper]] (Previously V10s were only used in race cars)
−
** First [[V10]] - 1992 [[Dodge Viper]]
+
** First V10 sedan - 2002 [[Volkswagen Phaeton]]
−
** First [[V10]] sedan - 2002 [[Volkswagen Phaeton]]
+
* [[V12 engine]]
−
 
+
** First V12 - 1916 [[Packard]] "Double-Six"
−
* [[V12]]
+
*[[W12 engine]]
−
** First [[V12]] - 1916 [[Packard]] "Double-Six"
+
** First W12 - 2002 [[Volkswagen Phaeton]] (5998 cc W12 engine - four banks of three cylinders)
−
 
+
*[[V16 engine]]
−
*[[W12]]
+
** First V16 - 1930 [[Cadillac V-16]]
−
** First [[W12]] - 2002 [[Volkswagen Phaeton]] (5998cc W12 engine - four banks of three cylinders)
 
−
 
 
−
*[[V16]]
 
−
** First [[V16]] - 1930 [[Cadillac V-16]]
 
 
*** Honorable mention - 1931 [[Marmon]] and 1932 [[Peerless]]
 
*** Honorable mention - 1931 [[Marmon]] and 1932 [[Peerless]]
−
 
+
*[[W16 engine]]
−
*[[W16]]
+
** First W16 - [[Bugatti Veyron 16.4]]
−
**The [[Bugatti Veyron]] is expected to be the first production car from a major manufacturer to use a W16 engine, however, several smaller firms have either developed prototyped or produced small numbers of cars - including the [[Jimenez Novia]] which used a 4.1 liter W16 based on four I4 Yamaha motorcycle engines.
+
*** Jimenez Novia (used a 4.1&nbsp;L W16 based on four I4 Yamaha motorcycle engines.)
−
 
+
*[[W18 engine]]
−
*[[W18]]
+
**No production cars yet are known to use a W-18 configuration, however [[Bugatti]] has experimented with both three-bank and four-bank designs for various [[concept cars]].
−
**No production cars yet are known to use a W-18 configuration, however [[Bugatti]] has experimented with both three-bank and four-bank designed for various [[concept cars]].
 
  
 
===Engine technologies===
 
===Engine technologies===
−
 
 
* First [[carburetor]] - 1896 [[Daimler]]
 
* First [[carburetor]] - 1896 [[Daimler]]
 
* First [[overhead cam]] engine - 1898 [[Wilkinson Motor Car Company|Wilkinson]]
 
* First [[overhead cam]] engine - 1898 [[Wilkinson Motor Car Company|Wilkinson]]
 
* First [[variable displacement]] engine - 1905 [[Sturtevant]] 38/45 six
 
* First [[variable displacement]] engine - 1905 [[Sturtevant]] 38/45 six
 
** Honorable mention - 1917 [[Enger Motor Car|Enger]] Twin-Unit Twelve
 
** Honorable mention - 1917 [[Enger Motor Car|Enger]] Twin-Unit Twelve
−
* First [[DOHC]] engine - 1925 [[Alfa Romeo]] [[Alfa Romeo 6C|6C]] ''([[Peugeot]] had a DOHC [[multivalve]] [[Grand prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] car in 1913)''
+
* First twin-spark engine - 1921 [[Bentley 3 Litre]]
 +
* First [[DOHC]] engine - 1921 [[Ballot (automobile)]] ''([[Peugeot]] had a DOHC 4-valve [[Grand prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] car in 1913).''
 +
* First [[Diesel]]-engined production car &mdash; 1936 [[Citroën]] Rosalie Diesel, introduced weeks before the 1936 Mercedes diesel production car.
 
* [[Multi-valve]] engines
 
* [[Multi-valve]] engines
−
** First 3-valve engine - 1924 [[Bugatti]] [[Bugatti Type 35|Type 35]] ''([[Bugatti Type 18|Type 18]] had a 3-valve in 1912, but only 6 or 7 were made. Type 35 used the engine from the 1922 [[Bugatti Type 29|Type 29]] racing car.)''
+
** First 3-valve engine - 1924 [[Bugatti]] [[Bugatti Type 35|Type 35]] ''([[Bugatti Type 18|Type 18]] had a 3-valve in 1912, but only 6 or 7 were made. Type 35 used the engine from the 1922 [[Bugatti Type 29|Type 29]] racing car.)''
−
** First 4-valve engine - 1931 [[Bugatti]] [[Bugatti Type 51|Type 51]] [[DOHC]]
+
** First 4-valve engine - 1921 [[Bentley 3 Litre]]
−
*** Honorable mentions - An [[SOHC]] 4-valve engine appeared in 1910's [[Bugatti Type 13|Type 13]] racing car, while a 4-valve [[straight-4]] was also developed by Bugatti in [[1914]]. The [[Linthwaite-Hussey Motor Company]] of Los Angeles manufactured and advertized a four-valve straight-4 engine in 1916.
+
*** Honorable mentions - 1931 [[Bugatti]] [[Bugatti Type 51|Type 51]] [[DOHC]]. An [[SOHC]] 4-valve engine appeared in 1910's [[Bugatti Type 13|Type 13]] racing car, while a 4-valve [[straight-4]] was also developed by Bugatti in 1914. The [[Linthwaite-Hussey Motor Company]] of Los Angeles manufactured and advertized a four-valve straight-4 engine in 1916.
−
** First 5-valve engine - 1991 ''tie'' [[Bugatti EB110]] 3.5&nbsp;L [[V12]] and [[Toyota]] ''[[Toyota A engine#20 Valve 4A-GE|4A-GE]]'' [[I4]]
+
** First 5-valve engine - 1989 [[Mitsubishi Minica]] 548 cc [[Mitsubishi 3G8x engine|3G81]] I3 ''([[Peugeot]] had a triple overhead cam 5-valve [[Grand Prix]] car in 1921).''
 +
 
 +
** First 6-valve engine - 1985 Maserati 2.0L V6 36V 261&nbsp;hp
 
** First 3-valve [[Diesel]] - 1989 [[Citroën]] [[Citroën XM|XM]]
 
** First 3-valve [[Diesel]] - 1989 [[Citroën]] [[Citroën XM|XM]]
 
** First 4-valve [[Diesel]] - 1994 [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class|E-Class]]
 
** First 4-valve [[Diesel]] - 1994 [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[Mercedes-Benz E-Class|E-Class]]
−
** First [[multi-valve]] [[turbocharged]] engine - 1984 [[Saab Automobile|Saab]] [[Saab 900|900]] ''[[Saab H engine#B202|B202]]''
+
** First [[multi-valve]] [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] engine - 1984 [[Saab Automobile|Saab]] [[Saab 900|900]] ''[[Saab H engine#B202|B202]]''
 
* First [[carburetor]] air filter - 1915 [[Packard]] Twin Six
 
* First [[carburetor]] air filter - 1915 [[Packard]] Twin Six
 
** Honorable mention - 1922 [[Rickenbacker]] had a modern dry element
 
** Honorable mention - 1922 [[Rickenbacker]] had a modern dry element
Line 290: Line 298:
 
** First FI engine - 1910 [[Adams Farwell]] [[Diesel]]
 
** First FI engine - 1910 [[Adams Farwell]] [[Diesel]]
 
** First non-[[Diesel]] FI engine - 1952 [[Gutbrod]] [[Gutbrod Superior|Superior]]
 
** First non-[[Diesel]] FI engine - 1952 [[Gutbrod]] [[Gutbrod Superior|Superior]]
−
*** Honorable mention - 1955 [[Mercedes-Benz 300SL]]
+
** First [[gasoline direct injection]] - 1955 [[Mercedes-Benz 300SL]]
 
** First electronic [[fuel injection]] - 1968 [[Bosch]] D-Jetronic - [[Volkswagen]] [[VW Type 3|Type 3]]/[[VW Type 4|Type 4]]
 
** First electronic [[fuel injection]] - 1968 [[Bosch]] D-Jetronic - [[Volkswagen]] [[VW Type 3|Type 3]]/[[VW Type 4|Type 4]]
−
* First [[turbocharged]] car - 1962 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass|Oldsmobile F-85]] ''[[Oldsmobile V8 engine#Turbo Jetfire|Turbo Jetfire]]'' and [[Chevrolet Corvair]] ''[[Chevrolet Corvair engine|flat-6]]'' (Saab was the first manufacturer to put [[turbocharger]]s in production cars, after the short-lived [[1962]] [[General Motors]] [[GM A platform|A-bodies]].)
+
** First [[Diesel]] direct injection engine - 1986 [[Fiat]] Croma TD
−
* First variable-nozzle [[turbocharger]] - 1989 [[Shelby CSX]]
+
** First electronic gasoline direct injection - August 1996 [[Mitsubishi Galant]]/[[Mitsubishi Legnum|Legnum]] ''[[Mitsubishi 4G9x engine#4G93|4G93]]'' GDI [[Straight-4|I4]]
−
* First point ignition - 1910 [[Cadillac]]/[[Delco]]
+
 
−
* First electronic ignition - 1960 [[General Motors]] [[Delco]]
+
* First [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] car - 1962 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass|Oldsmobile F-85]] ''[[Oldsmobile V8 engine#Turbo Jetfire|Turbo Jetfire]]''
 +
** Honorable mention - 1962 [[Chevrolet Corvair]] ''[[Chevrolet Corvair engine|flat-6]]''
 +
* First variable-nozzle [[turbocharger]] - 1989 [[Shelby CSX#CSX-VNT|Shelby CSX-VNT]]/[[Garrett Systems]]
 +
* First non-[[Diesel]] variable-vane geometry [[turbocharger]] - 2006 [[Porsche 997#Turbo|Porsche 911 Turbo]]/[[BorgWarner]]
 +
* First quad-[[Turbocharged|turbocharged]] car - [[Bugatti EB110]]
 +
 
 +
* First point ignition - 1910 [[Cadillac Model Thirty]]/[[Delco]]
 +
* First electronic ignition - 1960 [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]]/[[Delco]]
 +
* First alternator - 1960 [[Chrysler Corporation]], [[Plymouth Valiant]]
 
* First [[flat-engine]] - 1905 [[Knox (automobile)|Knox]]
 
* First [[flat-engine]] - 1905 [[Knox (automobile)|Knox]]
 
* First [[Oversquare|square]] engine - 1906 [[Premier (automobile)|Premier]]
 
* First [[Oversquare|square]] engine - 1906 [[Premier (automobile)|Premier]]
 
* First monobloc engine with removable cylinder head - 1908 [[Ford Model T]]
 
* First monobloc engine with removable cylinder head - 1908 [[Ford Model T]]
 
* First counterbalanced [[crankshaft]] - 1908 [[Mercer]] Type 35
 
* First counterbalanced [[crankshaft]] - 1908 [[Mercer]] Type 35
−
* First [[V8|split-plane]] [[crankshaft]] - 1923 [[Cadillac V8 engine]]
+
* First [[V engine|split-plane]] [[crankshaft]] - 1923 [[Cadillac V8 engine]]
 
* First [[gas turbine]] car - 1950 [[Rover (car)|Rover]] JET 1 ''(Experimental only; no gas turbine car ever reached real production)''
 
* First [[gas turbine]] car - 1950 [[Rover (car)|Rover]] JET 1 ''(Experimental only; no gas turbine car ever reached real production)''
 
* [[Wankel engine]]s
 
* [[Wankel engine]]s
 
** First [[Wankel engine]] - 1964 [[NSU Motorenwerke AG|NSU]] Spider
 
** First [[Wankel engine]] - 1964 [[NSU Motorenwerke AG|NSU]] Spider
 
** First 2-rotor [[Wankel engine]] - 1965 [[Mazda Cosmo]] ''(60 preproduction examples were produced and registered)''
 
** First 2-rotor [[Wankel engine]] - 1965 [[Mazda Cosmo]] ''(60 preproduction examples were produced and registered)''
−
*** Honorable mention - 1966 [[NSU RO80]] ''(Preceded the production Cosmo by one year)''
+
*** Honorable mention - 1966 [[NSU Ro 80]]
 +
** First front-wheel drive Wankel engine - 1969 [[Mazda Luce|Mazda R130 Luce]] ''(Only FWD rotary vehicle ever produced)''
 
** First 3-rotor [[Wankel engine]] - 1991 [[Mazda Cosmo]]
 
** First 3-rotor [[Wankel engine]] - 1991 [[Mazda Cosmo]]
 
*** Honorable mentions - 1969 [[Mercedes-Benz C111]] and 1970 [[Felix Wankel]]-refitted [[Mercedes-Benz 300SL]] ''(Not production cars)''
 
*** Honorable mentions - 1969 [[Mercedes-Benz C111]] and 1970 [[Felix Wankel]]-refitted [[Mercedes-Benz 300SL]] ''(Not production cars)''
 +
** First [[turbocharger|turbo]] Wankel engine - 1982 [[Mazda Luce]]/[[Mazda Cosmo|Cosmo]]
 
* First [[Miller cycle]] engine - 1996 [[Mazda Millenia]]
 
* First [[Miller cycle]] engine - 1996 [[Mazda Millenia]]
 
* First [[Atkinson cycle]] engine - 2004 [[Toyota Prius]]
 
* First [[Atkinson cycle]] engine - 2004 [[Toyota Prius]]
−
* First modern [[hybrid car]] - 1997 [[Toyota Prius]] (Japan)
+
* First [[Hydrogen vehicle]] - 2006 [[Mazda RX-8]] (Japan commercial leases only)
 +
 
 +
===[[Hybrid vehicle]]s===
 +
* First gas-electric hybrid - 1899 [[Lohner Carriage|Lohner]]-[[Ferdinand Porsche|Porsche]] Mixte (''about 300 produced'')
 +
* First modern hybrid car - 1997 [[Toyota Prius]] NHW10/[[Honda Insight]] (Japan)
 +
* First hybrid [[bus]] - 1997 [[Hino]] (Japan)
 +
* First [[all-wheel drive]] hybrid, first hybrid [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] - 2004 [[Ford Escape Hybrid]]
 +
* First hybrid [[luxury car]] - 2005 [[Lexus RX 400h]] (introduced January 2004)
 +
* First hybrid [[pickup truck]] - 2005 [[Chevrolet Silverado#Hybrid|Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hybrid]]
 +
* First [[rear-wheel drive]] hybrid car - 2007 [[Lexus GS#GS450h|Lexus GS450h]] (on sale March 16, 2006 in Japan)
 +
* First three-cylinder hybrid - 1999 [[Honda Insight]]
 +
* First four-cylinder hybrid - 1997 [[Toyota Prius]] NHW10 (Japan)
 +
* First six-cylinder hybrid - 2005 [[Lexus RX 400h]] (introduced January 2004)
  
 
===Body===
 
===Body===
−
 
+
* First motorized [[truck]] &mdash; October 1896 [[Daimler-Benz|Daimler]]
−
* First production closed-body car - 1910 [[Cadillac]]
+
* First production closed-body car - 1910 [[Cadillac Model Thirty]]
 
* First [[monocoque]] - 1924 [[Lancia Lambda]]
 
* First [[monocoque]] - 1924 [[Lancia Lambda]]
 
** Honorable mentions - 1917 [[Ruler Four]] ''(few produced)'', 1934 [[Citroën Traction Avant]]
 
** Honorable mentions - 1917 [[Ruler Four]] ''(few produced)'', 1934 [[Citroën Traction Avant]]
−
* First [[coupe convertible]] - 1934 [[Peugeot 401]] D Eclipse
+
* First [[coupé convertible]] - 1934 [[Peugeot 401]] D Eclipse
 +
* First [[Pickup]] / [[Utility]] (Ute) - 1934 [[Ford Australia]]
 +
* First safety [[windshield]] - 1948 [[Tucker Torpedo]] (''popout safety glass'') [http://autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060403/SUB/60331050/1124/BREAKING&refsect=BREAKING]
 
* First [[fiberglass]] body - 1953 [[Chevrolet Corvette]] and [[Kaiser Darrin]]
 
* First [[fiberglass]] body - 1953 [[Chevrolet Corvette]] and [[Kaiser Darrin]]
−
* First [[MPV]] - 1956 [[Fiat 600|Fiat 600 Multipla]]
+
* First [[Multi-purpose vehicle|MPV]] - 1956 [[Fiat 600|Fiat 600 Multipla]]
−
* First [[convertible|retractable hardtop]] - 1957 [[Ford Skyliner]]
+
* First [[convertible|retractable hardtop]] - 1930s [[Lancia]]
−
* First [[hatchback]] - 1958 [[Austin A40 Farina]] ''(first conventional hatchback hinged from top of the rear door was Austin A40 Farina-based [[Austin A40 Farina#Innocenti|Innocenti Combinata]] of 1962)''
+
** Honorable mention - 1957 [[Ford Skyliner]]
−
* First [[fiberglass]] [[monocoque]] - 1959 [[Lotus Elite]]
+
* First [[hatchback]] - 1953 [[Aston Martin DB2/4]]
−
* First [[crossover SUV]] – 1980 [[AMC Eagle]]
+
** Honorable mentions - 1958 [[Austin A40 Farina]], 1962 [[Austin A40 Farina#Innocenti|Innocenti Combinata]], and 1965 [[Renault 16]]
 +
* First [[fiberglass]] [[monocoque]] - 1956 [[Berkeley cars|Berkeley]] T60
 +
** Honorable mention - 1959 [[Lotus Elite]]
 +
* First [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] - 1942 [[Dodge Carryall]]<!-- 1935 [[Chevrolet Suburban]] Not a SUV then, but a station wagon. -->
 +
** Honorable mention - 1957 [[Moskvitch 410]] (first [[crossover SUV]]/XUV)
 +
* First all-[[aluminum]] body - 1961 [[Lagonda Rapide]]
 +
** Honorable mention - 1947 [[Land Rover]] (used [[Birmabright]], an aluminum alloy)
 +
** First all-aluminum space frame - 1994 [[Audi A8]]
 
* First [[Graphite-reinforced plastic|carbon fiber]] [[monocoque]] - 1991 [[McLaren F1]]
 
* First [[Graphite-reinforced plastic|carbon fiber]] [[monocoque]] - 1991 [[McLaren F1]]
 +
* First [[Automotive aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] design - 1921 [[Rumpler]] Tropfenwagen
  
 
===Transmission===
 
===Transmission===
−
 
+
* [[Manual transmission]]s
−
* First synchronized transmission - 1929 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
+
** First synchronized transmission - 1929 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
−
* First [[overdrive (mechanics)|overdrive]] - 1934 [[Chrysler Airflow]]
+
** First [[overdrive (mechanics)|overdrive]] - 1934 [[Chrysler Airflow]]
−
* First [[automatic transmission]] - 1938 [[Oldsmobile]]/[[Cadillac]] "Hydra-Matic" ''(1934 [[REO]] was a pair of self-shifting manuals)''
+
** First modern cone synchromesh transmission - 1952 [[Porsche]] [[Porsche 356|356]]
−
* First torque converter automatic - 1948 [[Buick]] "Dynaflow"
+
** First 5-speed manual - 1953 [[Ferrari 212]]
−
* First modern cone synchromesh transmission - 1952 [[Porsche]] [[Porsche 356|356]]
+
** First 6-speed manual - 1986 [[Honda Civic]] Wagon 4WD
−
* First five-speed [[gearbox]] - 1953 [[Ferrari 212]]
+
*** Honorable mention - 1986 [[Porsche 959]] (''introduced at 1985 [[Frankfurt Motor Show]] but first customer deliveries were delayed until 1987'')[http://content3.us.porsche.com/prod/pag/classic.nsf/usaenglish/porschecars_959_1986_story?OpenDocument&popup]
 +
*** Honorable mention - 1957 [[Moskvitch 410|Moskvitch 410/411]] (three forward gears with high and low selection)
 +
** First 8-speed manual - 1960 [[Moskvitch 410|Moskvitch 410/411]]
 +
** First 16-speed manual - 1913 [[David (car)|David]]
 +
* [[Automatic transmission]]s
 +
** First automatic transmission - May 1939 [[Oldsmobile]] [[Hydra-Matic]] (also the first 4-speed automatic)
 +
*** Honorable mention - 1934 [[REO]] (a pair of self-shifting manuals)
 +
*** Honorable mention - 1937 [[Oldsmobile]] [[Automatic Safety Transmission]]
 +
** First [[torque converter]] automatic - 1948 [[Buick]] [[Dynaflow]]
 +
*** Honorable mention - 1949 [[Packard]] [[Ultramatic]] (torque converter automatic)
 +
*** Honorable mention - 1946 [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]] [[Presto-Matic]] (torque converter manual)
 +
** First non-planetary automatic - 1968 [[Honda]] [[Hondamatic]]
 +
** First 5-speed automatic - 1991 [[BMW]] [[BMW E34|E34]] [[BMW 5-Series|5-Series]] and [[BMW E36|E36]] [[BMW 3-Series|320i/325i]] [[ZF 5HP18 transmission|ZF 5HP18]]
 +
** First 6-speed automatic - 2002 [[BMW]] [[BMW E65|E65]] [[BMW 7-Series|7-Series]] [[ZF 6HP26 transmission|ZF 6HP26]]
 +
*** Honorable mention - 1999 [[Jeep Grand Cherokee]] [[Chrysler 45RFE transmission|45RFE]] had an automatic transmission with 3 planetary gearsets capable of six speeds, but only 5 were used, and the company advertised it as a 4-speed.
 +
** First 7-speed automatic - 2003 [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[Mercedes-Benz 7G-TRONIC|7G-TRONIC]]
 +
** First 8-speed automatic - 2007 [[Lexus LS|Lexus LS 460]]
 
* First [[limited slip differential]] - 1956 [[Studebaker]]
 
* First [[limited slip differential]] - 1956 [[Studebaker]]
 
* First [[continuously variable transmission]] - 1958 [[DAF]] 600 "A-Type"
 
* First [[continuously variable transmission]] - 1958 [[DAF]] 600 "A-Type"
−
* First six-speed [[gearbox]] - 1986 [[Porsche 959]]
 
−
** Honorable mention: 1986 [[Honda Civic]] Wagon 4WD
 
−
* First seven-speed [[gearbox]] - 2003 [[Mercedes-Benz]] [[Mercedes-Benz 7G-TRONIC|7G-TRONIC]]
 
  
 
===Layout===
 
===Layout===
−
 
 
* First [[RR layout|RR]] car - 1896 [[Hertel (automobile)|Hertel]]
 
* First [[RR layout|RR]] car - 1896 [[Hertel (automobile)|Hertel]]
−
* First [[front wheel drive]] - 1929 [[Cord Automobile|Cord]] L29
+
* First [[front-wheel drive]] - 1924 Tracta (Gregoire-Tracta)
 
** Honorable mention - 1900 [[Pennington Car Company|Pennington]] and 1928 [[Alvis Cars|Alvis]] ''(did not sell more than 150 units)''
 
** Honorable mention - 1900 [[Pennington Car Company|Pennington]] and 1928 [[Alvis Cars|Alvis]] ''(did not sell more than 150 units)''
 
** Honorable mention - 1934 [[Citroën Traction Avant]]
 
** Honorable mention - 1934 [[Citroën Traction Avant]]
−
* First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front wheel drive]] - 1949 [[Saab 92]]
+
** Honorable mention - 1929 [[Cord_Automobile]] L-29
 +
** Honorable mention - 1930 [[Ruxton]]
 +
** Honorable mention - 1923 LT ''(only three made)''
 +
* First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front-wheel drive]] - 1931 [[DKW]] F1{{fact}}
 +
** Honorable mention - 1947 [[Saab 92]]
 
** Honorable mention - 1959 [[Mini]]
 
** Honorable mention - 1959 [[Mini]]
−
** First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front wheel drive|FWD]] [[Straight-5|I5]] - 1993 [[Volvo 850]]
+
** First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front-wheel drive|FWD]] [[Straight-5|I5]] - 1993 [[Volvo 850]]
−
** First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front wheel drive|FWD]] [[V8]] - 1985 [[Cadillac DeVille]]
+
** First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front-wheel drive|FWD]] [[Straight-6|I6]] - 1970 [[Austin Kimberley]] and [[Austin Tasman]]
−
* First [[four wheel drive]] vehicle - [[1898]] Lohner-Porsche [http://leo.worldonline.es/jaumepor/angles/porsches/loh_porsche.htm]
+
*** Honorable mention - 1959 [[Saab Monster]] ''(Not a production vehicle)''
−
** Honorable mention - First mechanical 4WD [[1902]] Jacobus [[Spyker]]
+
** First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[front-wheel drive|FWD]] [[V8 engine|V8]] - 1985 [[Cadillac DeVille]]
−
* First [[all wheel drive]] car - 1966 [[Jensen FF]] ''([[Bugatti]] created an AWD racer, the [[Bugatti Type 53|Type 53]], in [[1932]])''
+
** First [[transverse engine|transverse]] [[all-wheel drive]] - 1968 [[Austin Ant]]
 +
* First [[four-wheel drive]] vehicle - 1910 [[Caldwell Vale]] or 1911 [[four-wheel drive Auto|Four Wheel Drive]]
 +
* First [[all-wheel drive]] car - 1966 [[Jensen FF]]
 +
** Honorable mention - 1901 [[Lohner-Porsche]] ''(One produced)'', electric 4WD
 +
** Honorable mention - 1902 Jacobus [[Spyker]] ''(One produced)'', first mechanical 4WD
 +
** Honorable mention - 1932 [[Bugatti Type 53]] ''(Three produced)''
 +
** Honorable mention - 1958 [[Citroën 2CV|Citroën 2CV Sahara]] ''(Dual-engine all wheel drive)''
 
* First [[FR layout|FR]] [[transaxle]] - 1950 [[Lancia Aurelia]] ''(the 1914 [[Stutz Bearcat]] featured a primitive transaxle)''
 
* First [[FR layout|FR]] [[transaxle]] - 1950 [[Lancia Aurelia]] ''(the 1914 [[Stutz Bearcat]] featured a primitive transaxle)''
−
* First [[MR layout|MR]] car - 1957 [[Zündapp Janus]] (or possibly the 1923 Benz Drop-Shaped racer)
+
* First [[MR layout|MR]] car - 1921 [[Rumpler]] Tropfenwagen
−
* First [[MR layout|MR]] [[all wheel drive|AWD]] car - 1990 [[Panther Solo|Panther Solo 2]]
+
* First [[MR layout|MR]] [[all-wheel drive|AWD]] car - 1990 [[Panther Solo|Panther Solo 2]]
 +
** Honorable mention - [[1985]] [[Ford RS200]] (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for [[Group B]] regulations.)
 +
** Honorable mention - 1985 Peugeot 205 Turbo-16 (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for [[Group B]] regulations.)
 +
** Honorable mention - 1985 [[Lancia Delta S4]] (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for [[Group B]] regulations.)
 +
** Honorable mention - 1985 Rover Metro 6R4 (Homologation special, only 200 road cars produced for [[Group B]] regulations.)
  
 
===Suspension===
 
===Suspension===
−
 
 
* First [[torsion bar]] suspension - 1921 [[Leyland Motors|Leyland]]
 
* First [[torsion bar]] suspension - 1921 [[Leyland Motors|Leyland]]
 
* First front [[independent suspension]] - 1924 [[Lancia Lambda]]
 
* First front [[independent suspension]] - 1924 [[Lancia Lambda]]
 
* First [[hydraulic]] [[shock absorber]]s - 1933 [[Hudson (automobile)|Hudson]] ([[Monroe]])
 
* First [[hydraulic]] [[shock absorber]]s - 1933 [[Hudson (automobile)|Hudson]] ([[Monroe]])
−
* First [[coil spring]]/[[shock absorber]] suspension - 1934 [[Cadillac]], [[Chrysler]], and [[Hudson (automobile)|Hudson]]
+
* First [[coil spring]]/[[shock absorber]] suspension - 1934 [[Cadillac]], [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]], and [[Hudson (automobile)|Hudson]]
−
* First [[MacPherson strut]] suspension - 1950 [[Ford Consul]]
+
* First [[MacPherson strut]] suspension - 1949 [[Ford Vedette]]
 
* First [[Chapman strut]] suspension - 1958 [[Lotus Elite]]
 
* First [[Chapman strut]] suspension - 1958 [[Lotus Elite]]
 
* First air [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] - 1958 [[Cadillac Brougham]]
 
* First air [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] - 1958 [[Cadillac Brougham]]
 
** Honorable mentions - 1909 [[Cowley]] and 1933 [[Stout-Scarab]] ([[Firestone]])
 
** Honorable mentions - 1909 [[Cowley]] and 1933 [[Stout-Scarab]] ([[Firestone]])
 +
* First [[self-levelling suspension]] - 1955 [[Citroën DS]]
 +
** Honorable mention - 1954 [[Citroën Traction Avant]] 15H[[Hydropneumatic]]
 
* First electronically-controlled suspension - 1985 [[Nissan Maxima]] (Japan-market model)
 
* First electronically-controlled suspension - 1985 [[Nissan Maxima]] (Japan-market model)
 +
* First fully active suspension - 1991 [[Infiniti Q45]] (renamed Q45a for 1992)
 +
** Honorable mention - 1983 [[Lotus 92]] (''raced at the [[Long Beach Grand Prix]], began road development in 1987 but never applied to a road car[http://www.gglotus.org/ggtech/activesusp/activesuspn.htm]'')
 +
** Honorable mention - 1991 [[Toyota Celica]] (300 experimental vehicles produced)
 +
* First active anti-roll bars - 1994 [[Citroen Xantia Activa]] ([[Active Roll Stabilization]])
 +
* First [[active differential]] - 1995 Nissan Skyline GT-R Vspec - Active LSD
 +
** Honorable mention -1996 [[Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution#Evolution IV|Mitsubishi Lancer EVO IV]], [[Active yaw control|AYC]] is a factory option. Became standard in EVO V.
 +
** Honorable mention - 2005 [[Ferrari F430]] and [[Acura RL]] feature fully-integrated electronic differentials
  
 
===Brakes===
 
===Brakes===
−
 
 
* First [[power brake]]s - 1919 [[Hispano-Suiza]] [[Hispano-Suiza H6|H6]] (mechanically assisted)
 
* First [[power brake]]s - 1919 [[Hispano-Suiza]] [[Hispano-Suiza H6|H6]] (mechanically assisted)
 
** Honorable mention - 1921 [[Duesenberg]] Model A
 
** Honorable mention - 1921 [[Duesenberg]] Model A
 
* First vacuum-assist [[power brake]]s - 1928 [[Pierce-Arrow]]
 
* First vacuum-assist [[power brake]]s - 1928 [[Pierce-Arrow]]
−
* First standard [[disc brake]]s - 1956 [[Triumph TR3]], [[Girling (car)|Girling]] ''([[Jaguar (car)|Jaguar]] pioneered disc brakes at [[24 Hours of Le Mans|Le Mans]] in 1953)''
+
* First standard [[disc brake]]s - 1955 [[Citroën DS]]
 +
** Honorable mentions - 1956 (HRG twincam) used helicopter disc brakes [[Triumph TR3]], [[Girling (car)|Girling]] ''([[Jaguar (car)|Jaguar]] pioneered disc brakes at [[24 Hours of Le Mans|Le Mans]] in 1953)''
 
* First [[antilock braking system]] - 1966 [[Jensen FF]] ([[Dunlop Maxaret]] system, previously used in aviation)
 
* First [[antilock braking system]] - 1966 [[Jensen FF]] ([[Dunlop Maxaret]] system, previously used in aviation)
 
** First electrical [[antilock braking system]] - 1969 [[Lincoln Continental Mark III]]
 
** First electrical [[antilock braking system]] - 1969 [[Lincoln Continental Mark III]]
Line 382: Line 456:
 
* First diagonally split, dual brake circuits - 1962 [[Saab 95]]/[[Saab 96|96]]
 
* First diagonally split, dual brake circuits - 1962 [[Saab 95]]/[[Saab 96|96]]
 
* First [[asbestos]]-free [[brake pad]]s - 1983 [[Saab Automobile]]
 
* First [[asbestos]]-free [[brake pad]]s - 1983 [[Saab Automobile]]
 +
* First electro-hydraulic brakes - 2003 [[Mercedes-Benz SL-Class]]
 +
* First [[regenerative brake]]s - 1997 [[Toyota Prius]]
  
 
===Driver-aids===
 
===Driver-aids===
−
 
 
* First standard rear-view mirror - 1912 [[Marmon]]
 
* First standard rear-view mirror - 1912 [[Marmon]]
 
* First [[power steering]] - 1951 [[Imperial (automobile)|Imperial]]
 
* First [[power steering]] - 1951 [[Imperial (automobile)|Imperial]]
 
* First [[cruise control]] - 1957 [[Imperial (automobile)|Imperial]]
 
* First [[cruise control]] - 1957 [[Imperial (automobile)|Imperial]]
−
** Honorable mention - [[Peerless]] had a [[centrifugal governor]] speed control system in the [[1910s]]
+
** Honorable mention - [[Peerless]] had a [[centrifugal governor]] speed control system in the 1910s
 
* First [[traction control]] - 1987 [[Bosch]] [[Mercedes-Benz S-Class]]/[[BMW 7-Series]]
 
* First [[traction control]] - 1987 [[Bosch]] [[Mercedes-Benz S-Class]]/[[BMW 7-Series]]
 +
* First [[drive-by-wire]] throttle - 1988 [[BMW 7-Series|BMW 750iL]]
 +
* First [[electrochromic]] rear-view mirror - 1989 [[Lexus LS]]
 
* First [[dynamic stability control system]]/[[Electronic Stability Program]] - 1996 [[BMW 7-Series]]/[[Mercedes-Benz CL-Class]]
 
* First [[dynamic stability control system]]/[[Electronic Stability Program]] - 1996 [[BMW 7-Series]]/[[Mercedes-Benz CL-Class]]
−
** Honorable mention - 1997 [[Cadillac]]
 
 
* First [[adaptive cruise control]] - 1997 [[Toyota Celsior]]
 
* First [[adaptive cruise control]] - 1997 [[Toyota Celsior]]
 +
* First [[heads-up display]] - 1988 [[Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme]]
 +
* First factory [[GPS]] navigation - 1991 [[Mazda Cosmo]]
 
* First [[night vision]] - 2000 [[Cadillac DeVille]]
 
* First [[night vision]] - 2000 [[Cadillac DeVille]]
−
* First integrated car dynamics control system: 2005 [[Toyota Crown Majesta]] (''VDIM'')
+
* First integrated car dynamics control system: 2005 [[Toyota Crown|Toyota Crown Majesta]] (''[[Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management]]'')
  
−
===Passive-restraint===
+
===[[Passive restraint]]===
 
* First [[airbag]]s - 1974 [[Oldsmobile Toronado]]
 
* First [[airbag]]s - 1974 [[Oldsmobile Toronado]]
−
* First head [[airbag]]s - 1998 [[BMW 7-Series]]
+
* First car to come standard with airbags - [[1990]] [[Dodge Shadow]]/[[Plymouth Sundance]]
 +
* First six-airbag system - 1994 [[Audi A8]]
 +
* First head airbags - 1998 [[BMW 7-Series]]
  
 
===Tires===
 
===Tires===
−
 
 
* First use of pneumatic tires - 1895 [[Peugeot]] L'Eclair ([[Michelin]])
 
* First use of pneumatic tires - 1895 [[Peugeot]] L'Eclair ([[Michelin]])
−
* First standard pneumatic tires - 1896 [[Bollee]] Voiturette
+
* First standard pneumatic tires - 1896 [[Léon Bollée Automobiles|Bollée]] Voiturette
 
* First radial-ply tires - 1949 [[Michelin]] "X" ''(patented in 1946)
 
* First radial-ply tires - 1949 [[Michelin]] "X" ''(patented in 1946)
 
* First self-repairing tires - 1950 [[Goodyear]]
 
* First self-repairing tires - 1950 [[Goodyear]]
 +
* First [[run flat tires]] - 1974 [[Mini|Mini 1275GT]] ([[Dunlop Tyres|Dunlop]] Denovo; optional)
  
−
===[[headlight|Lighting]]/electrical===
+
===[[headlight|Lighting]]===
−
 
 
 
* First electrical lighting - 1898 [[Columbia (automobile)|Columbia]] electric
 
* First electrical lighting - 1898 [[Columbia (automobile)|Columbia]] electric
 
* First standard lights - 1904 "Prest-O-Lite" [[acetylene]]
 
* First standard lights - 1904 "Prest-O-Lite" [[acetylene]]
 
* First standard electrical lights - 1908 [[Peerless]]
 
* First standard electrical lights - 1908 [[Peerless]]
−
* First integrated electrical and lighting system - 1912 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] [[Delco]]
+
* First integrated electrical and lighting system - 1912 [[Cadillac Model Thirty|Cadillac Model 1912]] [[Delco]]
 
* First "dipping" headlights - 1915 [[Guide Lamp Company]]
 
* First "dipping" headlights - 1915 [[Guide Lamp Company]]
 
* First dual-beam headlight - 1924 [[Bilux]]
 
* First dual-beam headlight - 1924 [[Bilux]]
−
* First swivel headlights - 1936 [[Tatra (car)|Tatra]] [[Tatra T77|T77A]]
+
* First retractable headlights - 1936 [[Cord Automobile|Cord]]
 +
* First directional headlamps - 1930s [[Tatra (car)|Tatra]]
 +
** Honorale mention - 1948 [[Tucker Torpedo]] (originally designed with swivel lights, but replaced with third "cyclops light" turned on when cornering).
 
* First [[fog light]]s - 1938 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
 
* First [[fog light]]s - 1938 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
−
* First electric windows - 1938 [[Buick Y]]
 
−
* First rear window defogger - 1948 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
 
−
* First combination key and ignition switch - 1949 [[Chrysler]]
 
 
* First auto-dimming headlights - 1952 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] ''Autronic Eye''
 
* First auto-dimming headlights - 1952 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] ''Autronic Eye''
−
* First [[Alternating current|AC]] [[alternator]] - 1960 [[Plymouth Valiant|Valiant]]
 
 
* First auto-on/off headlights - 1964 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] ''Twilight Sentinel''
 
* First auto-on/off headlights - 1964 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] ''Twilight Sentinel''
 
* First [[halogen]] headlights - 1965 [[Hella (company)|Hella]]
 
* First [[halogen]] headlights - 1965 [[Hella (company)|Hella]]
−
* First sealed [[battery (electricity)|battery]] - 1971 [[Pontiac]] "Freedom Battery"
+
* First headlight wipers - 1970 [[Saab Automobile]]
 
* First modern U.S.-market car with [[sealed beam]] headlights - 1984 [[Lincoln Mark VII]]
 
* First modern U.S.-market car with [[sealed beam]] headlights - 1984 [[Lincoln Mark VII]]
−
* First multiplexed wiring - 1987 [[Cadillac Allanté]]
 
 
* First [[alternating current|AC]] [[High-intensity discharge lamp|HID]] lights - 1991 [[BMW E32|BMW 7-series]]
 
* First [[alternating current|AC]] [[High-intensity discharge lamp|HID]] lights - 1991 [[BMW E32|BMW 7-series]]
 
* First [[direct current|DC]] [[High-intensity discharge lamp|HID]] lights - 1997 [[Lincoln Mark VIII]]
 
* First [[direct current|DC]] [[High-intensity discharge lamp|HID]] lights - 1997 [[Lincoln Mark VIII]]
 
* First [[neon]] lights - 1997 [[Lincoln Mark VIII]]
 
* First [[neon]] lights - 1997 [[Lincoln Mark VIII]]
 
* First all-[[light-emitting diode|LED]] tail lights - 1998 [[Maserati 3200 GT]]
 
* First all-[[light-emitting diode|LED]] tail lights - 1998 [[Maserati 3200 GT]]
−
* First headlight wipers - 1970 [[Saab Automobile]]
+
* First [[bi-xenon HID headlamp]]s - 2000 [[Mercedes-Benz CL-Class]]
 +
 
 +
===Electrical system===
 +
* First electric windows - 1938 [[Buick Y]]
 +
* First combination key and ignition switch - 1949 [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]]
 +
* First [[Alternating current|AC]] [[alternator]] - 1960 [[Plymouth Valiant|Valiant]]
 +
* First sealed [[battery (electricity)|battery]] - 1971 [[Pontiac]] "Freedom Battery"
 +
* First multiplexed wiring - 1987 [[Cadillac Allanté]]
 
* First integrated car systems control - 1991 [[Mazda Eunos Cosmo]] (''Car Control System'')
 
* First integrated car systems control - 1991 [[Mazda Eunos Cosmo]] (''Car Control System'')
−
* First Bi-[[Xenon]] [[High-intensity discharge lamp|HID]] lights - 2000 [[Mercedes-Benz CL-Class]]
+
* First built-in 110V AC inverter - 2000 [[Toyota Avalon]]
−
 
 
  
−
===Other===
+
===Climate control===
−
 
 
−
* First tilt-away steering wheel - 1912 [[Peerless]]
 
−
* First dash-mounted fuel tank gauge - 1914 [[Studebaker]]
 
−
* First original-equipment radio - 1923 [[Springfield (automobile)|Springfield]]
 
 
* First windshield defroster - 1928 [[Studebaker]]
 
* First windshield defroster - 1928 [[Studebaker]]
−
* First [[air conditioning]] - 1938 [[Studebaker Commander]] ''(1939 [[Packard]] and 1941 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]] were next)''
 
 
* First windshield washer - 1937 [[Studebaker]]
 
* First windshield washer - 1937 [[Studebaker]]
−
* First [[Fibre reinforced plastic|composite]] wheels - 1989 [[Shelby CSX]]
+
* First [[air conditioning]] - 1938 [[Studebaker Commander]]
−
* First [[differential (mechanics)#Active differential|active differential]] - 1997 [[Honda Prelude|Honda Prelude Type SH]] - ''(The 2005 [[Ferrari F430]] and [[Acura RL]] feature the first fully-integrated electronic differentials)''
+
** Honorable mention - 1939 [[Packard]] and 1941 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
−
* First split folding rear seats - 1961 [[Renault 4]] (''[[Fiat]] patented the system in 1978'')
+
* First rear window defogger - 1948 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
−
* First tilt/telescope steering wheel - 1965 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
 
 
* First heated seats - 1966 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
 
* First heated seats - 1966 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
 
** Honorable mention (first electrically heated) - 1972 [[Saab 99]]
 
** Honorable mention (first electrically heated) - 1972 [[Saab 99]]
Line 453: Line 529:
 
* First digital climate control - 1975 [[Rolls-Royce Camargue]]
 
* First digital climate control - 1975 [[Rolls-Royce Camargue]]
 
* First ventilated seats - 1997 [[Saab 9-5]]
 
* First ventilated seats - 1997 [[Saab 9-5]]
−
* First THX certified stereo system - 2003 [[Lincoln LS]]
+
 
 +
===In-car electronics and entertainment===
 +
* First original-equipment radio - 1923 [[Springfield (automobile)|Springfield]]
 +
* First [[navigation system]] - August 1981 [[Honda Accord]] (analog, dealer-installed) [http://world.honda.com/history/challenge/1988navigationsystem/index.html]
 +
** First navigation system with acoustic output  - 1989 [[Infiniti Q45]]
 +
** First digital navigation system - 1990 [[Acura Legend]]
 +
** First [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] navigation system - 1995 [[Oldsmobile Eighty Eight]] ''[[Guidestar]]''[http://autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060403/SUB/60331050/1124/BREAKING&refsect=BREAKING]
 +
*** Honorable mention - 1996 ''tie'' 1997-model [[BMW 5-Series]] and [[Acura RL]]
 +
*** Honorable mention - 1990 [[Pioneer Electronics]]/[[Trimble]] (aftermarket)
 +
*** Honorable mention - 1992 [[Mazda]] (dealer-installed)
 +
* First active audio volume control - 1990 [[Chevrolet Corvette]] [[Bose]]/[[Delco Electronics|Delco]] Gold Series
 +
* First [[telematics|telematics assist]] system - 1996 ''tie'' 1997-model [[Cadillac Seville]] ([[OnStar]]) and [[Lincoln Continental]] ([[Motorola]] RESCU)
 +
* First [[Digital versatile disc|DVD]] navigation system - 1996 [[Matsushita]]/[[Pioneer Electronics]] (aftermarket)
 +
* First in-car [[personal computer|PC]] - 1997 [[Microsoft]] [[Auto PC]] (aftermarket)
 +
* First [[Bluetooth]]-capable audio system - 2000 [[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]]
 +
* First [[THX]]-certified stereo system - 2003 [[Lincoln LS]]
 +
* First in-car [[karaoke]] machine - 2003 [[Geely BL]]
 
* First active noise cancellation - 2005 [[Acura RL]]
 
* First active noise cancellation - 2005 [[Acura RL]]
 +
* First [[digital television]] reception - 2006 [[Mercedes-Benz S-Class]]
 +
 +
===Other===
 +
* First steering wheel - 1899 [[Packard]]
 +
* First [[speedometer]] - 1901 [[Oldsmobile]]
 +
* First tilt-away steering wheel - 1912 [[Peerless]]
 +
* First dash-mounted fuel tank gauge - 1914 [[Studebaker]]
 +
* First [[turn signal]]s - 1939 [[Buick]]
 +
* First split folding rear seats - 1961 [[Renault 4]] (''[[Fiat]] patented the system in 1978'')
 +
* First tilt/telescope steering wheel - 1965 [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillac]]
 +
* First [[four wheel steering]] - 1985 [[Nissan Skyline]] HICAS
 +
** Honorable mention - 1938 Mercedes 170VL (miltitary truck only)
 +
** Honorable mention - 1987 [[Honda Prelude]] 4WS
 +
* First [[Fibre-reinforced plastic|composite]] wheels - 1989 [[Shelby CSX]]
 +
* First capless fuel filler - 2005 [[Ford GT]]
  
 
===American types===
 
===American types===
−
 
 
* First standardized American automobile - [[Duryea Motor Wagon]] (1896)
 
* First standardized American automobile - [[Duryea Motor Wagon]] (1896)
 
* First American [[electric car]] - [[Detroit Electric]] (1907)
 
* First American [[electric car]] - [[Detroit Electric]] (1907)
−
* First American [[hybrid car]] - [[Honda Insight]]
+
* First American [[hybrid car|hybrid]] [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]] - [[Ford Escape Hybrid]]
−
* First American [[hybrid car|hybrid]] [[SUV]] - [[Ford Escape Hybrid]]
+
* First Chinese-made vehicle sold in America - 2006 [[Miles ZX40]]
  
 
==Pre-War==
 
==Pre-War==
−
 
 
* Best-selling pre-war vehicle - [[Ford Model-T]] ''(15,000,000 sold between 1908 and 1928)''
 
* Best-selling pre-war vehicle - [[Ford Model-T]] ''(15,000,000 sold between 1908 and 1928)''
 
* Least-expensive full-featured automobile - 1927 [[Ford Model-T]] ''($300 is about $3500 in inflation-adjusted 2005 dollars)''
 
* Least-expensive full-featured automobile - 1927 [[Ford Model-T]] ''($300 is about $3500 in inflation-adjusted 2005 dollars)''
 
* Largest vehicle - [[Bugatti Royale]] - 21&nbsp;ft (6.4&nbsp;m) long, 180&nbsp;in (4.57&nbsp;m) or 170&nbsp;in (4.32&nbsp;m) wheelbase depending on model
 
* Largest vehicle - [[Bugatti Royale]] - 21&nbsp;ft (6.4&nbsp;m) long, 180&nbsp;in (4.57&nbsp;m) or 170&nbsp;in (4.32&nbsp;m) wheelbase depending on model
−
* Largest pre-war [[I4]] - 21.5&nbsp;L (21495 cc) - 1912 Benz 82/200
+
* Largest pre-war [[Straight-4]] - 21.5&nbsp;L (21495&nbsp;cc) - 1912 Benz 82/200
−
* Largest pre-war [[I6]] - 21.1&nbsp;L (21112 cc) - 1905 [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] 50 CV
+
* Largest pre-war [[Straight-6]] - 21.1&nbsp;L (21112&nbsp;cc) - 1905 [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] 50 CV
−
* Largest pre-war [[I8]] - 12.8&nbsp;L (12763&nbsp;cc/778&nbsp;in³) - 1929 [[Bugatti Royale]]
+
* Largest pre-war [[Straight-8]] - 12.8&nbsp;L (12763&nbsp;cc/778&nbsp;in³) - 1929 [[Bugatti Royale]]
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
−
* [http://www.classicautoprints.com/history.html Classic Auto Prints' Automobile History Timeline]
+
*[http://www.classicautoprints.com/history.html Classic Auto Prints' Automobile History Timeline]
  
−
[[Category:Lists of automobiles]]
+
[[Category:Automobile-related lists|Superlatives]]
−
[[Category:Automobile-related lists]]
+
[[Category:Lists of automobiles|Superlatives]]
 +
[[Category:Lists of superlatives|Automobiles]]

Latest revision as of 13:24, 8 October 2009


This page lists superlatives of the automobile industry - that is, the smallest, largest, fastest, lightest, best-selling, and other such topics.

In order to keep the entries relevant, the list (except for the Firsts section) will be limited to automobiles built after World War II. Many odd vehicles emerged in the early days of the automobile industry. There is a section for early superlatives, however.

The list will also be limited to production road cars that meet the following conditions:

  1. 20 or more examples must have been made by the original vehicle manufacturer and offered for commercial sale to the public in new condition - cars modified by either professional tuners or individuals are not eligible
  2. They must be street-legal in their intended markets and capable of passing any tests or inspections required to be granted this status
  3. They must have been built for retail sale to consumers for their personal use on public roads - no commercial or industrial vehicles are eligible


Some notes about units of measurement used herein

Engine capacity/displacement

Engine output

Power

  • 1 horsepower (hp) = 1 brake hp (bhp) = 1.0139 metric hp (PS) = 0.7457 kilowatts (kW)
  • 1 metric hp = 0.9863 hp = 0.7355 kilowatts
  • 1 kilowatt = 1.3410 hp = 1.3596 metric hp

Torque

  • 1 foot-pound force of torque ( ft·lbff) = 1.3558 newton-meter (N·m)
  • 1 newton-meter = 0.7376 foot-pound force

Fuel economy

  • 1 mile per US gallon = 1.2009 miles per imperial gallon = 0.4252 kilometers per L = 235.208 liters per 100 kilometers
  • 1 mile per imperial gallon = 0.8327 miles per US gallon = 0.3540 kilometers per L = 282.4731 liters per 100 kilometers
  • 1 kilometer per L = 2.3521 miles per US gallon = 2.8247 miles per imperial gallon
  • 1 L per 100 kilometers = 235.208 miles per US gallon = 282.4731 miles per imperial gallon

Power to weight or weight to power

(See also: weight-to-power ratio)

  • 1 hp per short ton = 1.12 hp per long ton = 0.82199 kilowatt per metric ton
  • 1 hp per long ton = 0.89286 hp per short ton = 0.76890 kilowatt per metric ton
  • 1 kilowatt per metric ton = 1.2166 hp per short ton = 1.3625 hp per long ton
  • 1 pound per hp = 0.60828 kilogram per kilowatt

Engine capacity

Dimensions

Overall

Wheelbase

Track

  • Widest Front - 1819 mm (71.6 in) - 1993 Hummer H1
  • Widest Rear - 1819 mm (71.6 in) - 1993 Hummer H1
  • Narrowest Front - 1200 mm (47.2 in) - Isetta
  • Narrowest Rear - 521 mm (20.5 in) - Isetta

Weight

  • Heaviest passenger vehicle - 3550 kg (7826 lb) curb weight - 2006 ZIL-41047 - Russian limousine
  • Lightest passenger vehicle (4 wheels) - 350 kg (770 lb) DIN - 1956 Isetta
  • Lightest passenger vehicle (3 wheels) - 59 kg (132 lb) DIN - 1962 Peel P50

Other

Power

Most power

Most torque

Most specific power (power to weight ratio)

  • 100–200 hp — 288.75 hp/metric ton (7.64 lb/hp) — Lotus 340R, 190 hp (142 kW) and 658 kg (1451 lb)
  • 200–300 hp — 657 hp/metric ton (3.35 lb/hp) — Ariel Atom 2 supercharged 300 hp (224 kW) and 456 kg (1005 lb)
  • 300–400 hp — 381 hp/metric ton (5.79 lb/hp) — 2003 TVR Tuscan S 400 hp (298 kW) and 1050 kg (2315 lb)
  • 400+ hp — 683 hp/metric ton (3.12 lb/hp) — 2004 Koenigsegg CCR supercharged V8 engine 806 hp (468 kW) and 1180 kg (2513 lb)

Most specific engine output (power per unit volume)

  • Honorable mention: 168 hp (125.3 kW)/litre - 2002 Radical Motorsport SR3 (252 hp (184 kW) 1.5 L I4 engine) - (Note: The Radical's status as a production car is disputed, and numbers refer to the competition version, there are no official data for the road version)
  • Honorable mention: 125 hp/liter - 1968 Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale (250 hp from a 2.0 liter V8 engine) - note: only 18 cars were built by the factory, at US$17,000 it was the most expensive car available to the public at the time.
  • Petrol/Gasoline (forced-induction) piston engine - 149 kW (203 PS/200 hp)/litre 400 hp - 2005 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII FQ400 (298 kW (405 PS/400 hp) 2.0 L I4 (The FQ400's status as a "production car" is disputed)
    • Honorable Mention: 126 kW (171.4 PS/169.7 hp)/litre (441 kW (600 PS/594 hp) DIN 3.5 L V12 quad-turbo) - Bugatti EB110 Super Sport
    • Honorable mention: 179.3 kW (243.8 PS/240,5 kW)/litre (537 kW (730 PS/720 hp) 3.0 L flat-6 twin-turbo) - Dauer 962 LeMans (Road version of the Group C Porsche 962)
  • Diesel (naturally-aspirated) - 33.4 kW (45.4 PS/44.7 hp)/litre (100 kW (136 PS/134 hp) DIN 3.0 L I6) - 1995 Mercedes E 300 D
  • Diesel (forced-induction) - 66.8 kW (90.9 PS/89.5 hp)/litre (200 kW (272 PS/268 hp) DIN 3.0 L I6 twin-turbo) - 2005 BMW 535d
    • Honorable Mention: 81.6 kW (111 PS/109.5 hp)/litre (156 kW (212 PS/209 hp) 1.9 L I4 twin-turbo) - 2003 Opel Vectra OPC Concept (Not a production vehicle)

Most specific torque (torque per unit displacement)

  • Petrol (naturally-aspirated) - 114 N·m (84 ft·lbf)/litre (370 N·m (273 ft·lbf)) - 2003 BMW M3 CSL
    • Honorable mention: 119 N·m (87.8 ft·lbf)/litre (125 N·m (92.2 ft·lbf)) - Wartburg 353 Rallye Version (i3 engine 1050 cm3)
  • Petrol (forced-induction) - 216.6 N·m (159.5 ft·lbf)/litre (432 N·m (318 ft·lbf)) - 2005 Subaru Impreza S204
    • Honorable mention: 233.6 N·m (172.3 ft·lbf)/litre - 700 N·m/516 ft·lbf Dauer 962 LeMans (Road-going version of the Group C Porsche 962)
  • Petrol (naturally-aspirated rotary engine) - 170.8 N·m (126.0 ft·lbf)/litre (222 N·m (164 ft·lbf)) - 2005 Mazda RX-8
  • Petrol (forced-induction rotary engine) - 226.3 N·m (166.9 ft·lbf)/litre (294 N·m (217 ft·lbf)) - 1995 Mazda RX-7 Turbo
  • Diesel - 187.1 N·m (138 ft·lbf)/litre (560 N·m (413 ft·lbf)) - 2005 BMW 535d
    • Honorable mention: 210.5 N·m (154.8 ft·lbf)/litre (400 N·m (294 ft·lbf)) - 2003 Opel Vectra OPC Concept (Not a production vehicle)

Least specific engine output (power per unit volume)

  • Petrol - 22.5 hp (16.8 kW)/litre, 1973 Chevrolet 307 5.1 L V8, 115 hp (85.8 kW)
  • Diesel - 18.4 hp (13.7 kW)/litre, 1980 Oldsmobile LF9 engine 5.7 L V8, 105 hp (78.3 kW)

Economy

  • Highest USA EPA mileage - 61/66 mpg (3.9/3.6 L/100 km) - 2005 Honda Insight 5-speed
  • Lowest EU average fuel consumption - 2.99 L/100 km (78.6 mpg (US)) - 2002 VW Lupo 1.2 TDI 5-speed
  • Longest 90% range - 1500 km (932 mi) - 2005 Mercedes E220 CDI with 6-speed manual and optional 80 Liter fuel tank, calculated by using extra-urban Euro cycle mileage of 4.8 L/100 km (49 mpg)

Performance

  • Quickest 0-60 mph (roughly equal to 0-100 km/h):
    • 2.5 s - 2006 Bugatti Veyron
    • Sports car (4 seat) - 3.4 s - 2006 Porsche 911 Turbo
    • 4-door car - 3.5 s - 2005 Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII FQ400 2.0 L (Note: the FQ400's status as a "production car" is disputed)
    • Pickup truck - 4.9 s - 2004 Dodge Ram SRT-10
      • Honorable mention: 1991 GMC Syclone - Car & Driver got 0-60 in 4.6 Seconds (Nov '90) and later 5.3 Seconds (Sep '91), Sport Truck (Jan '91) got 4.8 seconds, Off Road magazine (Feb '91) got 4.3 Seconds (Feb '91), and Autoweek got 5.2 seconds but quoted GMC's estimate of 4.6 seconds and cited unfavorable temperature and track conditions.
  • Quickest 0-100-0 mph:
    • Sports car (2 seat) - 9.9 sec - 2006 Bugatti Veyron [3]
      • Honorable mention: 9.4 seconds - 2006 Ultima GTR-720[4] - (Note: production numbers for GTR-720 are not available and the GTR's status as a "production car" is disputed)
  • Highest top speed:

Sales

See also List of bestselling vehicle nameplates
  • Best-selling models:
    • Best-selling car nameplate - Toyota Corolla (more than 32,000,000 sold in nine generations since 1966)
    • Best-selling vehicle nameplate - Toyota Corolla (more than 32,000,000 sold in nine generations since 1966)
    • Best-selling single model - Volkswagen Beetle (21,529,464 of the same basic design sold worldwide between 1938 and 2003)
    • Best-selling 2-seat car - Mazda Roadster/MX-5/Miata (nearly 750,000 of three generations sold between 1989 and 2006)
    • Best single-year sales - >1,000,000 - Chevrolet Impala, 1965.[6]
    • Best single-month sales - 126,905 - July 2005 Ford F-150 [7] (This number is for F-Series, not just F-150)
    • Best Selling Minivan - Dodge Caravan, over 11,000,000 sold.
  • Lowest-production models: (excluding limited-production vehicles)
    • Pickup truck - avg. 223 per month, Lincoln Blackwood (3,356 sold in 15 months)
      • Honorable Mention Mazda B-series (stated by Sutoline Detroit to be the worst selling vehicle currently on the market)
    • Sports car - avg. 6 per month, Toyota 2000GT (337 sold in 5 years)
    • SUV - avg. 4 per month, Lamborghini LM002 (301 sold in 6 years)
  • Marques and manufacturers:

For first ten months of 2005.*

Firsts

Full-production vehicles are listed here. Many were preceded by racing-only cars.

Engine types

Engine technologies

Hybrid vehicles

Body

Transmission

Layout

Suspension

Brakes

Driver-aids

Passive restraint

Tires

Lighting

Electrical system

Climate control

In-car electronics and entertainment

Other

American types

Pre-War

  • Best-selling pre-war vehicle - Ford Model-T (15,000,000 sold between 1908 and 1928)
  • Least-expensive full-featured automobile - 1927 Ford Model-T ($300 is about $3500 in inflation-adjusted 2005 dollars)
  • Largest vehicle - Bugatti Royale - 21 ft (6.4 m) long, 180 in (4.57 m) or 170 in (4.32 m) wheelbase depending on model
  • Largest pre-war Straight-4 - 21.5 L (21495 cc) - 1912 Benz 82/200
  • Largest pre-war Straight-6 - 21.1 L (21112 cc) - 1905 Panhard et Levassor 50 CV
  • Largest pre-war Straight-8 - 12.8 L (12763 cc/778 in³) - 1929 Bugatti Royale

See also

Retrieved from "http://woiweb.com/wiki/index.php?title=List_of_automotive_superlatives&oldid=61420"