Ferrari Colombo engine
Ferrari's earliest cars used engines designed by Gioacchino Colombo, who had formerly designed Alfa Romeos for Enzo Ferrari. These V12 powerplants ranged from the diminutive 1498 cc unit fitted to the 125S to the 3285 cc unit in the 1966 275.
Formula One
Ferrari's first Formula One car used a supercharged version of the 1.5 L Colombo V12. Output was 225 hp, but the car was not successful. An alternate engine, by Lampredi, was devised, and Colombo left the company in 1950.
58.8 mm stroke
The early 166, 195, and 212 cars used Colombo V12s of varying sizes. All shared the same 58.8 mm stroke, with 60, 65, and 68 mm bores giving displacements of 1995, 2341, and 2563 cc in the 166, 195, and 212 respectively. Output ranged from 105 hp to 165 hp.
Type 125
One of the most common Colombo engines is the Type 125. It bowed in 1952 in the 250S and lasted through the 1963 330 America. It used a 73 mm bore with the common Colombo stroke of 58.8 mm for a total of 2953 cc.
275
The final 58.8 mm Colombo Ferrari was the 275. It used a 3286 cc variant of the V12 with a wide 77 mm bore for up to 300 hp.
330
The 1960 400 Superamerica replaced the previous model's Lampredi engine with a 3967 cc Colombo. It diverged from the standard 58.8 mm stroke with a 71 mm stroke and 77 mm bore. Output was 340 to 400 hp with triple Weber carburetors.
Although the 1963 330 series also used a 3967 cc engine with the same bore and stroke as the 400 Superamerica, this engine was quite different. It used a wider bore spacing, paving the way for future displacement increases. The spark plugs were moved and a new water pump was used. The dynamo on the prior versions was replaced by a true alternator. In the end, 300 hp (223 kW) was on tap.
Four-cam
The Colombo V12 was substantially reworked for 1967's 275 GTB/4. It still used two valves per cylinder, but dual overhead cams were now used as well. In a departure from previous Ferrari designs, the valve angle was reduced three degrees to 54° for a more-compact head. The dual camshafts also allowed the valves to be aligned "correctly" (perpendicular to the camshaft) instead of offset as in SOHC Ferraris. It was a dry-sump design with a huge 17 qt (16 L) capacity. The engine retained the bore and stroke dimensions of the 275 model for 3286 cc of displacement. Output was 330 hp (246 kW) at 8000 rpm and 240 ft.lbf (325 Nm) at 6000 rpm with six Weber 40 DCN 9 carburetors.
365
The 71 mm Colombo engine was enlarged with an 81 mm stroke to 4390 cc for 1966's 365 models. This same engine would continue for the Daytona and was flattened for use in the 365 GT4 BB of 1971.
400
The Colombo engine was enlarged again to 4823 cc for 1976's 400 with the same 81 mm bore and a 78 mm stroke. Another flat version (bored to 82 mm) was fitted to the 512BB. These engines continued into the 1980s in the 412 and Testarossa, only being retired in 1992 with the new Dino-based 456 V12.