Difference between revisions of "DOHC"
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[[Image:DOHC-Zylinderkopf-Schnitt.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A [[cylinder head]] sliced in half shows two overhead camshafts—one above each of the two [[poppet valve|valves]].]] | [[Image:DOHC-Zylinderkopf-Schnitt.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A [[cylinder head]] sliced in half shows two overhead camshafts—one above each of the two [[poppet valve|valves]].]] | ||
| + | [[double overhead cam]] | ||
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A '''double overhead cam''' (also called a '''dual overhead cam''', '''DOHC''', or "twincam") engine is a type of [[internal combustion engine]] where the [[camshaft]]s that operate the intake and exhaust [[poppet valve|valves]] are mounted above the [[cylinder]]s, and where there are separate camshafts for inlet and exhaust valves. In engines with more than one [[cylinder bank]], such as the [[V engine]], this designation means two camshafts ''per bank''. | A '''double overhead cam''' (also called a '''dual overhead cam''', '''DOHC''', or "twincam") engine is a type of [[internal combustion engine]] where the [[camshaft]]s that operate the intake and exhaust [[poppet valve|valves]] are mounted above the [[cylinder]]s, and where there are separate camshafts for inlet and exhaust valves. In engines with more than one [[cylinder bank]], such as the [[V engine]], this designation means two camshafts ''per bank''. | ||
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[[Image:1933 Bugatti Type 59 Grand Prix engine.jpg|right|thumb|250px|1933 [[Bugatti]] [[DOHC]] straight-8 in a [[Bugatti Type 59|Type 59]] [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] racer]] | [[Image:1933 Bugatti Type 59 Grand Prix engine.jpg|right|thumb|250px|1933 [[Bugatti]] [[DOHC]] straight-8 in a [[Bugatti Type 59|Type 59]] [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] racer]] | ||
| − | The first DOHC engines were 2-valve designs from companies like [[Fiat]] (1912), | + | The first DOHC engines were 2-valve designs from companies like [[Fiat]] (1912), Peugeot (1913), [[Alfa Romeo]] ([[Alfa Romeo 6C|6C]], 1925), [[Maserati]] ([[Maserati Tipo 26|Tipo 26]], 1926), and [[Bugatti]] ([[Bugatti Type 51|Type 51]], 1931). Most [[Ferrari]]s used 2-valve DOHC engines as well. |
| − | When DOHC technology was introduced in mainstream vehicles, it was common for the technology to be heavily advertised. Fiat, Lancia and Alfa Romeo can be credited with placing mass produced twincam (DOHC) engines in coupes, sedans, convertables, and station wagons beginning in the mid 1960's. Later, in the mid-1980s Honda products featured "DOHC" plaques, and automakers often used "DOHC" as the engine's name. Most early mainstream DOHCs were 4-cylinder engines as well: | + | When DOHC technology was introduced in mainstream vehicles, it was common for the technology to be heavily advertised. Fiat, Lancia and Alfa Romeo can be credited with placing mass produced twincam (DOHC) engines in coupes, sedans, convertables, and station wagons beginning in the mid 1960's. Later, in the mid-1980s Honda products featured "DOHC" plaques, and automakers often used "DOHC" as the engine's name. Most early mainstream DOHCs were 4-cylinder engines as well: Ford's first DOHC motor was the [[Lotus Cars|Lotus]]-reworked Ford Kent engine 1962, and General Motors' first was the 1975 Cosworth-tweaked GM 2300 engine, though by comparison, Toyota debuted two production DOHC engines in 1967: the inline-4 Toyota engines Straight-4(R9) engine (Toyota Corona 1600GT) and the Yamaha-designed inline-6 Toyota M engine 3M engine (Toyota 2000GT). |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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* [[Single overhead cam]] | * [[Single overhead cam]] | ||
* [[Pushrod]] | * [[Pushrod]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 13:33, 24 September 2009
A double overhead cam (also called a dual overhead cam, DOHC, or "twincam") engine is a type of internal combustion engine where the camshafts that operate the intake and exhaust valves are mounted above the cylinders, and where there are separate camshafts for inlet and exhaust valves. In engines with more than one cylinder bank, such as the V engine, this designation means two camshafts per bank.
Usually the cams operate the valves directly or by a short rocker, as opposed to pushrod engines which have long rods to transfer the movement of the lobes on the camshaft in the engine block to the valves in the cylinder head.
Double camshafts are not required in order to have multiple inlet or exhaust valves, but are necessary for more than 2 valves that are directly actuated (though still usually via tappets). However, not all DOHC engines are multivalve engines - DOHC was common in 2-valve engines for decades before multivalve heads appeared. Today, DOHC is normally synonymous with multivalve, since almost all DOHC engines also have between 3 and 5 valves per cylinder.
History
The first DOHC engines were 2-valve designs from companies like Fiat (1912), Peugeot (1913), Alfa Romeo (6C, 1925), Maserati (Tipo 26, 1926), and Bugatti (Type 51, 1931). Most Ferraris used 2-valve DOHC engines as well.
When DOHC technology was introduced in mainstream vehicles, it was common for the technology to be heavily advertised. Fiat, Lancia and Alfa Romeo can be credited with placing mass produced twincam (DOHC) engines in coupes, sedans, convertables, and station wagons beginning in the mid 1960's. Later, in the mid-1980s Honda products featured "DOHC" plaques, and automakers often used "DOHC" as the engine's name. Most early mainstream DOHCs were 4-cylinder engines as well: Ford's first DOHC motor was the Lotus-reworked Ford Kent engine 1962, and General Motors' first was the 1975 Cosworth-tweaked GM 2300 engine, though by comparison, Toyota debuted two production DOHC engines in 1967: the inline-4 Toyota engines Straight-4(R9) engine (Toyota Corona 1600GT) and the Yamaha-designed inline-6 Toyota M engine 3M engine (Toyota 2000GT).