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...omponents to transform chemical, physical or nuclear energy into secondary energy and deliver it to the interface to the outer world for propulsion purposes. ...red from the grid with low hydraulic energy share and also vehicles using energy storage with high losses (some battery types, ultra- or supercaps).

'''Power transmission''' is the movement of [[energy]] from its place of generation to a location where it is applied to perform [[Power (physics)|Power]] is defined formally as units of [[energy]] per unit [[time]].

...ce or system which allows a [[vehicle]] to recapture part of the [[kinetic energy]] that would otherwise be lost to [[heat]] when [[brake|braking]] and make ...fused with [[dynamic braking]], which dissipates the recaptured electrical energy as heat. In that respect, [[dynamic braking]] behaves much like an [[elect

...els'''. The utilization of fossil fuels has enabled large-scale industrial development and largely supplanted water-driven mills, as well as the combustion of [[w When generating [[electricity]], energy from the [[combustion]] of fossil fuels is often used to power a [[turbine]

...nly when needed, and that the release is controlled in such a way that the energy can be harnessed to produce [[work]]. ...hat go far beyond the energy needs of a [[human body]]. The application of energy released from fuels ranges from [[heat]] to [[cooking]] and from powering [

...ce or system which allows a [[vehicle]] to recapture part of the [[kinetic energy]] that would otherwise be lost to [[heat]] when [[brake|braking]] and make ...dynamo's [[rotor]] slows as the kinetic energy is converted to electrical energy through [[electromagnetic induction]]. The dynamo can be used as either ge

...ing some of its [[kinetic energy]] into electrical energy. This electrical energy is then stored for future use or fed back into a power system for use by ot ...le|battery electric]] and [[hybrid vehicle|hybrid electric]] vehicles, the energy is stored in a [[battery (electricity)|battery]] or bank of [[capacitors]]

...nce]], [[aerospace]], [[helicopter]]s, [[automation]], [[transport]] and [[energy]]. The company has offices in over 100 countries, and employs 41,000 people ===Energy===

...omponents to transform chemical, physical or nuclear energy into secondary energy and deliver it to the interface to the outer world for propulsion purposes. Powertrain development for [[diesel engine]]s involves the following trends: [[modular injection]]

...cal energy stored on the vehicle in batteries or diesel fuel; from nuclear energy, on nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers; or more esoteric sources such ...This can be used to reduce the wear on brake systems, and reduce the total energy requirement of a journey.

...the development of the [[automobile|car]] in general, originating with the development of early [[racing car]]s, and later, with the post-war [[hot-rod]] movement ...visiting some of the design decisions taken at quite an early stage in the development of the engine.

...an be better controlled. Hydrogen could also be produced from [[renewable energy]] sources with (in principle) no net carbon dioxide emissions. There are b ...ombustion engine]], but they produce more pollution than would use of that energy in [[plug-in hybrid electric vehicles]]. Hydrogen fuel cells generate less

...ded on the switch from military to civilian manufacturing which encouraged development of new products aimed at the growing civilian market and requiring the supp ...nother as a pure Electric Vehicle (EV) powered by electric motors and with energy stored in Lithium batteries. Both prototypes received great attention at tr

The [[energy]] used to propel the vehicle may be obtained from several sources: *from [[chemical energy]] stored on the vehicle in on-board batteries: [[Battery electric vehicle]]

...duced in 1950. By January 1952 six engines were available, enough for full development and endurance trials. An ex-German [[E-Boat]], powered by three Mercedes-Be ...gas generator, driving the turbine with the exhaust gases, recycling some energy that would otherwise have been lost. Such an engine was hoped to produce 6,

...t many similar concepts have been proposed and are under various stages of development. These include: ...le does not move, that of the rotor does. The angular momentum and kinetic energy of motion of the rotor also both vary, producing more vibration, see [[engi

The laws of [[conservation law|conservation]] of [[momentum]], [[energy]], and [[angular momentum]] are of more general validity than Newton's laws ...difficulty in understanding the role of microscopic and invisible forms of energy such as heat and infra-red light.

*The charger which restores energy to the batteries (which may be mounted within the vehicle or at a special c *The power controller, which regulates the flow of energy between the battery and the motor(s)

...engine]]s considerably advantageous—and was the original reason for development of the device. ...bocharger also has a [[turbine]] that powers the compressor using wasted [[energy]] from the [[exhaust]] gases. Compressor and turbine have the same shaft, s

...omotive]]s, and other [[steam engines]]. Crank-driven machines rely on the energy stored in a [[flywheel]] to overcome the dead centre, or are designed, in t ...showing the recommended ignition timing settings as decided during engine development. These timing marks can be used to set the ignition timing either staticall

...bikes can achieve transmission efficiencies of over 99% (nearly all the [[energy]] put in at the pedals ends up at the wheel). [[Biomechanical]] factors how ...t specify other aspects of the system. ''[[Gear inches]]'' and ''metres of development'' are related measures that include the diameter of the rear wheel. ''Gain

...ound the flow field, equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy can be defined and used to solve for the properties. The use of aerodynami ...isplay at the Virginia Air and Space Center. Wind tunnels were key in the development and validation of the laws of aerodynamics.]]In 1889, [[Charles Renard]], a

...another rider and thus making it possible to save a considerable amount of energy. A group that breaks away (break) from the main field, bunch or [[peloton]] ...in his [[slipstream]]. Riding in a peloton can save as much as 40% of the energy employed in forward motion when compared to riding in the wind. Some teams

...an engine that used a mixture of [[hydrogen]] and [[oxygen]] to generate [[energy]]. The design was not very successful, as was the case with the British inv ...gine ({{US patent|549160}}). This patent did more to hinder than encourage development of autos in the [[United States]]. Steam, electric, and gasoline powered au

Under development. Ready for 2017. The fastest electric car with 500 Km autonomy. In Europe a 25’ race needs 6 € of energy (in Us much less!) against of 65 € of a F. 3. Not mentioning that a F.3 d

=== Future development === * [[Electrical energy|Electric energy]] is often billed in [[watt-hour|kilowatt-hours]] instead of megajoules.

...h of webbing. Both three-point and lap-and-sash belts help spread out the energy of the moving body in a collision over the chest, pelvis, and shoulders. Un ...s been migrated from drivers to other road users. This has influenced the development of [[risk compensation]] theory, which says that drivers adjust their behav

...engine]]s considerably advantageous—and was the original reason for development of the device. ...bocharger also has a [[turbine]] that powers the compressor using wasted [[energy]] from the [[exhaust]] gases. Compressor and turbine have the same shaft, s

A '''hybrid vehicle''' (HV) is a vehicle using an on-board [[rechargeable energy storage system]] (RESS) and a fuelled power source for vehicle [[propulsion ...yota Prius]], prolong the charge on their batteries by capturing [[kinetic energy]] via [[regenerative braking]]. As well, when cruising or in other situatio

...wing the suspensions to work at their best while incorporating an advanced energy absorbing crash structure, ready to protect the occupants in the unlikely e ...gine with the second pump only activated when necessary, thus reducing the energy required to run the fuel pumps and eliminates the waste of excessive fuel b

...shape of the ribs function to improve the insulator and prevent electrical energy from leaking from the terminal to the metal case along the side of the insu ...smaller electrode also absorbs less heat from the spark and initial flame energy. At one point, Firestone marketed plugs with polonium in the tip, under the

...t many similar concepts have been proposed and are under various stages of development. There are countless other examples of rotary engines varying in rotor desi ...le does not move, that of the rotor does. The angular momentum and kinetic energy of motion of the rotor also both vary, producing more vibration, see [[engi

...tance and traction in addition to environmental resistance. Tread compound development is an exercise in compromise, as hard compounds have long wear characterist ...d, and the mixing terminated upon reaching a specified total amount of mix energy imparted to the batch.

BMW went straight forward with its engine development. The P81, used during the 2001 season, was able to hit 17,810 rpm. Unfortun For 2007 the engine specification has been frozen to keep development costs down. The engines which were used in the 2006 Japanese Grand Prix wil

...n]] (usually atmospheric air), rather than a separate source of ignition [[energy]] (such as a [[spark plug]]), as is the case in the [[gasoline engine]]. ...in raising efficiency, but [[diesel fuel]] contains approximately 30% more energy per unit volume than [[gasoline]], and this is the crucial factor.

...velopment Index|HDI]]''' ([[2003]]) || 0.934 ([[List of countries by Human Development Index|18th]]) – <font color="#313931">high</font> Italy has shaped the cultural and social development of the whole Mediterranean area, deeply influencing [[Culture of Europe|Eur

...racted from the same volume of fuel, as the exhaust has to expend time and energy "catching up" to the rotor before it can accomplish any work. {{citation n After years of development, [[Mazda]]'s first [[Mazda Wankel engine|Wankel engined]] car was the 1967

The [[1870s]] saw the development of the "[[safety bicycle]]" which was roughly the bicycle we would recogniz ...the disadvantage of rim heating, because the brake converts [[kinetic]] [[energy]] into heat, which increases the temperature of the rim (the brake caliper

In 1972, due to the energy crisis, the race was shortened to 6 hours, while for 1974 the race was canc ...s and the car's simple aerodynamics reduce the often astronomical costs of development and testing.

Several inventors and innovators contributed to the development of the bicycle. Its earliest known forebears were called ''[[velocipede]]s' ...ck racing bikes have transmission efficiencies of over 99% (nearly all the energy put in at the pedals ends up at the wheel). While generally variable ratio

...ical point of view, the Giulietta had by this time reached the peak of its development, so in order to increase its speed we needed to concentrate on the bodywork ...ential to the economics of car industry, allowing to dramatically decrease energy consumption through improved [[aerodynamics]]. [http://www.spadavetturespor

...he investment returns in the series, and at the same time, [[Toyota Racing Development]] is preparing for entry into the [[NASCAR Nextel Cup]] Series in 2007. Thi ...ly and Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The system's full name, Steel And Foam Energy Reduction, accurately explains the method used to attenuate high-G impacts

As of the [[2006 Chinese Grand Prix]] all development of engines will be frozen until 2009, meaning that the teams will use engin ...c appendages that direct the airflow. Such an extreme level of aerodynamic development means that an F1 car produces much more downforce than any other open-wheel

...will be based on what Ferrari is doing in Formula 1, which uses [[Kinetic Energy Recovery System]].

...de was a stepping stone that created a market for bicycles that led to the development of more advanced and efficient machines. The development of the [[safety bicycle]] was arguably the most important change in the his

...d, yet would see the success that the turbine lacked. After many years of development, Mazda finally succeeded in being the only winner of the race to not have a ...will be electrical,(i.e batteries) seemingly ruling out any flywheel based energy recovery systems. Cars equipped with KERS systems will be allowed to race i

...interest in economy models. Sales of the 600 were, however, aided by the energy crisis of 1956&ndash;1957. ...not a "BMW Isetta" but a reproduction look-alike, it is a very interesting development which uses modern, relatively inexpensive, parts with more up to date engin

...reached an all-time high in the United States, corresponding to the [[1979 energy crisis|Iranian Oil Crisis.]] However, when gas prices fell again after 1981 ...reached an all-time high in the United States, corresponding to the [[1979 energy crisis|Iranian Oil Crisis.]] However, when gas prices fell again after 1981

For the 1965 season development and racing of the GT-40 was given to [[Carroll Shelby]]. On Shelby's iniat ...e crown Daytona-Sebring-Le Mans as a reward of his investement in the GT40 development.

...els of the same manufacturer, and is a highly active area for research and development, as well as marketing. ...is very resilient and can be resued in other products; it also yields much energy when burned under controlled conditions.

The new Panda, codenamed ''Model 169'' in its development phase, was originally intended to be called "Gingo". However, this name wa ...ing company in the Interior Design sector, specialized in the research and development of innovative fabrics and materials.

...r budgets on [[environmentally friendly]] technology such as the [[Kinetic Energy Recovery System]] (KERS).

The first major technological development, [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper's]] re-introduction of mid-engined cars (follo ...reaching a barrier and the ability of those barriers to safely absorb the energy of a crash. An ongoing complaint of long time F1 fans is the emasculation

For the 1965 season, the development and racing of the Ford GT40 was given to [[Carroll Shelby]]. On Shelby's in ...e crown Daytona-Sebring-Le Mans as a reward for his investment in the GT40 development. The well-known photography published by the Ford Motor Company showing McL

...the investment goes well with buyers, provide year-round sunshine for crop development. In truth the orbital mirror system is actually a superweapon designed to c

...the sun sets behind her. Prague is also a modern and vibrant city full of energy, music, cultural art, fine dining and special events catering to the Indepe Czech highways are under development (D8 and D11 are being prolonged, D3 to Ceske Budejovice and Linz is suppose

...fter discovering their fuel tank was too small, forcing them to push their development schedule back five races in order to build a car that could finish the race ...the entry selection process and then announced his intentions to continue development of the Toyota chassis, re-badged as the Stefan S-01, with the team even goi