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A '''subframe''' is a structural component of a vehicle, such as an [[automobile]] or an [[aircraft]], that [[Category:Structural system]]

[[Category:Structural system]]

[[Category:Structural engineering]] [[Category:Structural system]]

[[Category:Structural system]] [[Category:Structural engineering]]

...cceleration forces between the vehicle and the ground. In addition to the structural purpose, axles may serve one or more of the following purposes depending on ...or more axles may be an integral part of the [[drivetrain]]. A mechanical system (typically a [[electric motor|motor]]) exerts a rotational force on the axl

...at least for thin "skins" – was compression. Combining this sort of structural skin with a greatly reduced internal framing to provide strength against [[ ...introduced an evolution called '''unit body''' or '''unibody'''. In this system, separate body panels are still used but are [[bolted joint|bolted]] to a m

...is used to predict its resistance to [[bending]] and [[deflection]]. Most structural engineers, however, do refer to the [[second moment of area]] or ''area mom For system of small masses moment of inertia is defined as the sum of moments of all p

...ny industrial [[machine]]s. Large shock absorbers have also been used in [[structural engineering]] to reduce the susceptibility of structures to [[earthquake]] ...sonance|resonant energy]], which can cause excessive motion and eventual [[structural failure]].

[[Category:Structural system]]

...one or more [[buoyancy]] structures called [[hull (ship)|hulls]] and some system of propulsion, such as a [[Propeller|screw]], [[oar]]s, [[paddle]]s, a [[se ...he sole but is more likely to be called the floor. (A floor is properly, a structural member which ties a frame to the keelson and keel.) The underside of a deck

...f the air bag deploys. Modern cars include a switch to turn off the airbag system of the passenger seat, in which case a child-supporting seat must be instal *[[Anti-lock braking system]] (ABS) (also Emergency Braking Assistance ([[EBA]]), often coupled with [[

...f the air bag deploys. Modern cars include a switch to turn off the airbag system of the passenger seat, in which case a child-supporting seat must be instal *[[Anti-lock braking system]] (ABS) (also Emergency Braking Assistance ([[EBA]]), often coupled with [[

...mathematics)|elements]] or [[components]] of some kind of [[structure]] or system, which preserves the relationships among the elements or components. ...others. A modern day definition sees architecture as addressing aesthetic, structural and functional considerations. However, looked at another way, function its

...|Dunlop]] Total Mobility Tire (abbreviated to TMT, later known as Denovo) system which required special wheels and featured ultra-low profile side-walls. In this system, there is an additional support ring attached to the wheel that can support

When in space, the purpose of a propulsion system is to change the velocity ''v'' of a spacecraft. Since this is more diffic When discussing the efficiency of a propulsion system, designers often focus on the reaction mass. After all, energy can in prin

...from the mould, however in applications where cost is more important than structural rigidity, this step is skipped. The mould is then filled with [[epoxy]] an ...ing laid in the mold and placed in the bag. The other is a resin induction system, where the dry fabric and mold are placed inside the bag while the vacuum p

| Transmission || 7-speed sequential cross. AMT robotic system with driving programs ...weight reduction resulted also into the combination of structural and non-structural or aesthetical elements. An example is the integration of all ventilation a

...l. The engine management system is fitted with Ferrari's HELE [[start-stop system]] to reduce fuel consumption when idling. Ferrari reports that the F12berli ...tti]]. The chassis is made up of 12 different aluminum alloys and improves structural rigidity by 20% over the 599, whilst reducing weight by {{convert|70|kg|lb|

The [[Italy|Italian]] [[economic system|economy]] has changed dramatically since the end of [[World War II]]. From ...cking entirely. It is not obvious how Italy will overcome this significant structural weakness in the short run, and Italy has therefore been referred to as the

...uding the construction of new assembly lines for trucks and a new painting system.

...can be converted from one form to another, the total [[energy]] in a given system remains constant. ...f large components such as [[hard drive]] heads. [[Structural engineering|Structural engineers]] also use aerodynamics, and particularly [[aeroelasticity]], to

...Alfa to feature extensive use of [[Computer Aided Design]] for calculating structural stresses, resulting in a very rigid but still relatively lightweight body. ...ontroller for dashboard functioning). Air-direction within the ventilation system was controlled by a pair of [[servo]] [[motor]]s, which can give maintenanc

...d directly elected by a mixed majoritarian and proportional representation system. Under 1993 legislation, Italy has single-member districts for 75% of the s The Italian judicial system is based on [[Roman law]] modified by the [[Napoleonic code]] and later [[s

...large variety of products and is very important to the [[world economy]]. Structural components made from aluminium and its [[alloy]]s are vital to the [[aerosp ...e used in engineering structures. Alloy systems are classified by a number system ([[ANSI]]) or by names indicating their main alloying constituents ([[DIN]]

!Model!!Years!!Engine!!Displacement!!Power!!Fuel system ...ever patented by Lancia, and consequently inspired similar rear suspension system layouts in other manufacturers' vehicles during the 1980s and 1990s.

...d]] a horizontal slice of a trunk is not suitable, as it does not have the structural strength to support weight without collapsing; rounded pieces of longitudin * [[Deflation Detection System]]

...ch was the first production car in Europe to feature a complete electrical system as standard equipment. The first car with a [[monocoque]]-type body - the [ ...s vehicles, which were built from 1972–75. The corrosion problems could be structural; for instance where the subframe carrying the engine and gearbox was bolted

...e first small, transverse-engined production car to have a 4WD system. The system itself was manually selectable, with an ultra-low first gear. Under normal ...leaf sprung set-up, presumably to avoid having to redesign the entire 4WD system.

...s; some are still made. Until the early 1960s many of them were built with structural wooden rear frames, making them some of the most exclusive and luxurious "w ...standard. This was the first power tailgate in station wagon history. This system was large, heavy, and complex, and was never adopted for any other car manu

...otorcycles)|Rudge-Whitworth]] used an early integrated, anti-lock, braking system in 1925. ...problems. On the new Concours 14, Kawasaki has introduced its Tetra-lever system for similar reasons.