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...ten coupled with [[anti-lock braking system]]s, EBD can apply more or less braking pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power. ...wheels, the left or right. The final result is more precise and effective braking under all conditions.

...ck braking system]], designed to distribute braking force during emergency braking whilst cornering. CBC interacts with ABS to counteract [[oversteer]] and gu In addition, the physically-dependent over-steering while braking on curves is compensated. CBC counteracts these tendencies by modulating br

...or, and the wheel speed sensors, are the same as that used for [[Anti-lock braking system]]. [[Category:Automotive safety technologies]]

...e a device called a [[jake brake]] to increase the effectiveness of engine braking. ...ith an internal combustion engine, regardless of transmission type. Engine braking passively reduces wear on brakes and helps a driver maintain control of the

'''Brake linings''' are the consumable surfaces in [[brake|braking systems]], especially those used in vehicles. Since the lining is the portion of the braking system which converts the vehicle's [[kinetic energy]] into heat, the linin

...the material and the brakes must be further depressed to obtain effective braking action. This increase of pedal motion is known as ''[[brake fade]]'' and ca ...the [[Toyota]] [[Prius]]. (Hybrid vehicles greatly reduce everyday wear on braking systems owing to their energy recovery motor-generators.)

...se [[liquid]]s are not appreciably [[Physical compression|compressible]]. Braking applications produce a lot of [[heat]] so brake fluid must have a high [[bo [[Category:Automotive braking technologies]]

[[Category:Automotive braking technologies]]

...n steering control under heavy braking and, in most situations, to shorten braking distances (by allowing the driver to hit the brake fully without the fear o ...itself (ie, preventing wheel locking) but also traction control, [[BAS]] (Braking Assist System), anti-[[understeer]] [[ESP]] (Electronic Stability Program)

...e [[kinetic energy]] that would otherwise be lost to [[heat]] when [[brake|braking]] and make use of that power either by storing it for future use or feeding ...harge of the battery, how many wheels are equipped to use the regenerative braking system, and whether the topology used is parallel or serial in nature.

* [[Automotive aerodynamics]] * [[Toe (automotive)|Toe]]

...controlling such parameters as [[camber angle]], [[caster angle]], [[Toe (automotive)|toe]] pattern, roll center height, scrub radius, scuff and many more. In order to resist fore-aft loads such as acceleration and [[brake|braking]], the arms need two [[bushing]]s or ball joints at the body.

The '''hydraulic brake''' is an arrangement of [[brake|braking]] mechanism which uses [[hydraulics|hydraulic]] fluid, typically some type ...l, a [[master cylinder]], hydraulic lines, a "[[slave cylinder]]", and the braking unit.

...simple [[leaf spring]]s), vertical forces exerted by acceleration or hard braking combined with high unsprung mass can lead to severe wheel hop, compromising [[Category:Automotive suspension technologies]]

'''[[Drive-by-wire]]''' technology in automotive industry replaces the traditional mechanical and hydraulic [[control system ...e-by-wire technology is still under development by some automotomobile and automotive parts manufacturers industry worldwide and has not been widely commercializ

...will tend to want to swing wide and overtake the front — especially under braking. This tendency is referred to as [[oversteer]] and creates potential safet [[Category:Automotive technologies]]

...assembly and therefore exert friction on the wheels directly, but [[engine braking]] may still be effected via the axle. [[Category:Automotive suspension technologies]]

...re force applied to the steering components by road surface imperfections, braking, etc. Zero scrub radius isolates the steering from these effects but can le [[Category:Automotive steering technologies]]

The arms have to control [[Toe (automotive)|toe]]/steer and lateral compliance. This needs a pair of arms longitudinal The arms have to react traction and braking loads, usually accomplished via a longitudinal link. They also have to cont

...controlling such parameters as [[camber angle]], [[caster angle]], [[Toe (automotive)|toe]] pattern, roll center height, scrub radius, scuff and many more. In order to resist fore-aft loads such as acceleration and [[brake|braking]], the arms need two [[bushing]]s or ball joints at the body.

...Brake fade can be a factor in any [[vehicle]] that utilizes a [[friction]] braking system including [[automobile]]s, [[truck]]s, [[motorcycle]]s, [[airplane]] Brake fade is caused by a buildup of heat in the braking surfaces and the subsequent changes and reactions in the brake system compo

...arrangement for a linear [[actuator]], which uses [[brake fluid]] from the braking system to impel a hydraulic cylinder to move the main clutch actuator. [[Category:Automotive transmission technologies]]

'''Hydropneumatic''' is a type of [[automotive]] [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension system]] invented by [[Citroën]] and f ...spheres. Because the pressure there is proportional to the load, so is the braking power.

...is is usually used in concert with a [[parking pawl]] in the transmission. Automotive safety experts recommend the use of both systems to immobilize a parked car ...h front wheel cars, led to a tendency for the rear wheels to lock up under braking, which led to [[Oversteer|the rear of the car slewing sideways and loss of

...ment. Unlike a drum brake, the disc brake has no self-servo effect and the braking force is always proportional to the pedal force being applied by the driver ...ng brake]] or [[emergency brake]]. As the front brakes perform most of the braking effort, this can be a reasonable compromise.

...lity Control, which is the more common term recognized by the [[Society of Automotive Engineers]], although individual motor manufacturers use a range of differe ESC compares the driver's intended direction in [[steering]] and braking inputs, to the vehicle's response, via lateral [[acceleration]], rotation (

...hen the cam is forced to rotate forward due to forces from braking, engine braking, etc.. it will just contact a flat "wall" and the casing will not expand. ...uire more force to move the casing apart. Therefore, only during Very hard braking will it have enough force pushing it forward to expand the casing.

== Technologies == ...rly repaired, which may result in an extra fee if the repair is done at an automotive repair shop.

[[Category:Automotive braking technologies]]

...]] (EBD), which prevents the brakes from locking and losing traction while braking. This shortens stopping distances in almost all cases. ...ithout contributing to [[unsprung weight]] and wheel bounce, which degrade braking, handling and ride, and increase mechanical loads.

...]] (EBD), which prevents the brakes from locking and losing traction while braking. This shortens stopping distances in almost all cases. ...ithout contributing to [[unsprung weight]] and wheel bounce, which degrade braking, handling and ride, and increase mechanical loads.

...through a narrow orifice ([[hydraulic]]s), constitute the vast majority of automotive shock absorbers. An advantage of this type is that using special internal v ...tive tube. Furthermore, many modern hybrid automobiles have [[regenerative braking]], which uses a reversed electric motor to dampen and eventually stop the m

...ean market, as well as for the design of the Callaway]] C7. Outside of the automotive industry, Covini also worked on the Dragonfly Project, which was an attempt ...e public in January 1981 at the [[Geneva Show]]. It was built to test new technologies such as the air-liquid [[intercooler]]. It was the first [[diesel]] road v

...es parts of the service [[brake]] and [[parking brake]] systems. Emergency braking systems are required on all semi-trailers by [[Code of Federal Regulations| ===<b>Air brake systems are three braking systems combined:</b>===

...aft for the first time in [[1913]] and became common in the [[1930s]]. The automotive seat belt was introduced into the United States by Kenneth Ligon and his br ...unbelted (similar responses have been shown in respect of [[ABS brake|ABS braking]] and, more recently, airbags). It is also possible that the types of inju

...ies the brakes to help "steer" the vehicle where the driver intends to go. Braking is automatically applied to individual wheels, such as the outer front whee ...ion control system]]s. Traction control works by applying individual wheel braking and throttle to keep traction while accelerating but unlike ESC it is not d

...-charge the batteries while braking or travelling down hills (regenerative braking). With the advent of newer technology further features can be expected. ...dling stability is obtained with the single wheel at the back, with normal automotive type front wheel steering, as compared with placing the single wheel in the

The American inventor [[Allen Breed]] then developed a key component for automotive use - the ball-in-tube sensor for crash detection. He marketed this innovat In 1990, the first automotive fatality attributed to an airbag was reported, with deaths peaking in 1997

...ive carbon-fiber technologies are being used here for the first time in an automotive application. As a 100 percent subsidiary of AUDI AG, the Italian carmaker a ...in the world to have mastered the complete CFRP process across a range of technologies, from 3D design through simulation, validation, production and testing - al

* Front wheel drive allows the use of [[left-foot braking]] as a driving technique. [[Category:Automotive technologies]]

...ori", is a small/medium [[family car]] produced by the [[Italy|Italian]] [[Automotive industry|car manufacturer]] [[Fiat]] from 1974 to 1984. It was exhibited a ...ts day. The body was a monocoque type, made of conventional [[steel]]. [[Automotive design|Designed]] and styled on the typical "three-box" design, with distin

...lso includes their stability when moving in a straight line. Handling and braking are the major components of a vehicle's "active" safety. The maximum later ...ite'' to that of an actual change in the center of gravity. When a car is braking, the downward load on the front tires increases and that on the rear decrea

...purpose – contributing to the car's [[car handling|handling]] and [[brake|braking]] for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupant ...wheel rate under cornering is different than it is under acceleration and braking. This varying wheel rate can be minimized by locating the spring as close t

...arge on their batteries by capturing [[kinetic energy]] via [[regenerative braking]]. As well, when cruising or in other situations where just light thrust is The regenerative-braking hybrid, the core design concept of most production hybrids, was developed b

...t was then greatly expanded by [[Henry Ford]] in the 1910s. Development of automotive technology was rapid, due in part to the hundreds of small manufacturers co ==Alternative technologies ==

*The vehicle's [[headlamp]]s, [[Retroreflector|reflectors]], and other [[Automotive lighting|lights and signals]] *[[Automotive night vision|Infrared night vision]] systems to increase seeing distance be

...Huayra merges the past, present and future in a timeless interpretation of automotive art. The styling of the car was perfected over the course of 5 years to fin ...f rigidity through the application of new advanced composite materials and technologies first tested on the Zonda R. The fuel tank is located integrally in the bes

===Engine technologies=== * First [[Automotive aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] design - 1921 [[Rumpler]] Tropfenwagen

The '''Fiat Panda''' is a [[city car]] from the [[Italy|Italian]] automotive manufacturer [[Fiat]]. The first Fiat Panda was made from 1980 to 2003 with ...ipped with [[electronic stability program|stability control]], [[anti-lock braking system|ABS]], [[electronic brakeforce distribution|EBD]] and at least two f