Difference between revisions of "Kart racing"

Revision as of 05:01, 25 May 2007

djtkarting is great!!!!! woooooooo

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-[[Image:Go kart.jpg|thumb|300px|Go Kart racing, Bairnsdale Kart Club]]
-[[Image:Kart Race Indoor 2002.jpg|thumb|301px|Indoor Kart racing]][[Image:Kart Racing 1.jpg|thumb|301px|Kart racers race each other on an outdoor track]]
-'''Kart racing''' (as the word is so spelled by enthusiasts) or '''karting''' is a variant of [[open-wheeler]] [[motor sport]] with simple, small four-wheeled vehicles called '''karts''', '''go-karts''', or '''gearbox/shifter karts''' depending on the design.  By definition a kart must have no suspension (relying on chassis flex), and no differential (solid back axle). They are usually raced on scaled-down tracks, but are sometimes driven as entertainment or as a [[hobby]] by non-professionals. Karting is commonly perceived as the stepping stone to the higher and more expensive ranks of motorsports.
-Karts were initially created in the [[United States]] in the 1950s post-war period by airmen as a way to pass spare time. [[Art Ingels]] is generally accepted to be the father of karting.  He built the first kart in [[Southern California]] in 1956. Karting has rapidly spread to other countries, and it currently has a large following in [[Europe]]. Karts vary in speed and some can reach speeds exceding 160mph. A TKM kart with a 100cc 2 stroke engine and an overall weight including the driver of 145 kilograms, can accelerate from 0-60mph in under 4.5 seconds, and has a top speed of 75mph. It has a better power to weight ratio than a Ferrari F50. A kart like this can be driven by race licence holders over the age of 11.
-==Components==
-=== Chassis ===
-The [[chassis]], a very important element of the kart because it must be flexible enough to work as a suspension and stern enough not to break or give way on a turn.  If the chassis were not this way, the grip of the rear wheels would exceed the grip of the fronts, and the kart would not turn in to the corner. Kart chassis are also classified as 'open,' 'caged,' 'straight,' or 'offset.' Caged karts have a [[roll cage]] surrounding the driver, and open karts have no roll cage. Caged karts are not used in Europe. In straight chassis the driver sits in the center, but in offset chassis the driver sits on the left side. Straight chassis are used for sprint racing and offset chassis are used for [[speedway]] racing.
-The stiffness of the chassis enables different handling characteristics for different circumstances. Typically, for dry conditions a stiffer chassis is preferable, while in wet or other poor traction conditions, a more flexible chassis is better for some karts. For other classes / driving styles, there will be stiffening bars on the kart which are done up tightly for dry and loosened to give more flex for wet conditions. Further complications can be added by changing floor pan materials / fastenings to change the effective stiffness of the chassis.
-Professionally raced karts typically weigh 200 to 300 lb (100 to 150 kg). [[Avanti Kart]], [[Tony Kart]], [[Top Kart]], [[Birel]], [[CRG]] and [[Mach 1 Kart]] are a few well known examples of the many European manufacturers of race-quality chassis. These usually cost around £1700. American companies in the shifter kart market include: [[GT Race Karts]], [[Trackmagic]] and [[Margay]]. ([[List of karting manufacturers]])
-<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Ben Harbur.jpg|right|frame|Image of a Rotax Max at USA's OVRP]] -->
-=== Motor and fuel ===
-While hobby go-karts depend on [[gravity]] for propulsion (these can be called [[soap-box cart]]s or billy karts), racing karts use a small [[engine]]. Several types are available, as well as differing fuel options. [[Gasoline]] [[Two-stroke cycle|2-stroke]] or [[Four-stroke cycle|4-stroke]] engines are the most common type, but other types of propulsion are available:
-* Engines running [[methanol]] (or other [[alcohol]]-based fuels)
-* Petrol (Gasoline) engines converted to run on [[propane]] or [[methane]]
-* Pressurised gas, using a cylinder carried with the kart
-* [[Electric motor]]s powered by kart-mounted [[Battery (electricity)|batteries]]
--stroke engines are typically standard [[lawn mower]] engines, sometimes with small modifications, developing from about 5 to 20 hp (4 to 15 kW). [[Briggs & Stratton]], [[Tecumseh]], [[Kohler]], [[Robin]], and [[Honda]] are manufacturers of such engines. They are plenty adequate for racing and fun cart applications.
--stroke engines were originally taken from [[motorcycle]]s, but have become a kart-specialised item with dedicated manufacturers, Vortex being one example. These can develop from about 16 hp to 30 hp (12 to 22 kW) for a single-cylinder 100 cc unit to 90 hp (67 kW) for a twin 250 cc. The most popular categories worldwide are those using 100 cc engines and the "[[Touch-and-Go]]" 125 cc units. A typical 100 cc or 125 cc TaG engine costs around £1500, and a 125 cc gearbox engine about £2000.
-=== Transmission ===
-Karts do not have a [[differential (mechanics)|differential]]. The lack of a differential means that one rear tyre must slide while cornering. This is achieved by designing the chassis so that the inside rear tyre lifts up slightly when the kart turns the corner. This allows the tyre to slide and lose some of its grip or lift off the ground completely, sometimes 3 or 4 inches from the ground depending on the corner, chassis setup or driving style. Recreational karts have fixed gearing, which in part, determines their top speed. They are usually limited to about 60 mph (100km/h) for sprint karts and about 105 mph (160 km/h) for enduro karts. In the very early days karts were direct drive, but the inconvenience of that setup soon led to the [[centrifugal clutch]] for the club level classes.  At first the [[clutch|clutches]] were "dry", but the oil bath or "slipper" clutch became common later.  These slipper clutches allow the high rpm kart engines to stay higher on their power curve at low speeds, and produce impressive acceleration as they engage. Another method of transmission is the torque converter. It is mainly used in fun cart set ups, but can be successfully used in karts built for racing. The torque converter works where there is a belt on two pulleys, and when RPMs increase, the belt moves higher and higher in the groove of the one pulley, and gradually making the gear ratio bigger.
-However, the top international classes still use direct drive engines, the reasoning being that at this level drivers should be good enough to stay on the track during the race and hence not need to restart their karts. Unclutched engines will be used at this level until 2007 when the rules will change.
-More serious kart racers in the USA prefer shifter karts, which have a six-speed [[manual transmission]] and a clutch to make better use of the more powerful engine. Some of these gearboxes are operated with wheel-mounted paddles. In Europe, competitive kart racers tend to prefer fixed gear 100 cc or 125 cc machines although shifters of 125 cc, 250 cc and occasionally 210 cc are also raced.
-Typical top speeds of racing karts are around 105 mph (160 km/h) for fixed gear and in excess of 160 mph  (260 km/h) for the best shifters.
-=== Tires ===
-Wheels and [[tire]]s are much smaller than those used on a normal car. Similar to other motorsports, kart tyres have different types for use appropriate to track conditions:
-* [[Slick tire|Slicks]] for dry weather. In international level racing these are some of the softest and most advanced tires in motorsport and a development ground for [[Formula One]].
-* [[Rain tire]]s for wet weather
-* [[Intermediate tire|Intermediates]] for damp or low traction conditions. Sometimes worn wet tire can be used.
-* Special, such as spiked tire for icy conditions, or cuts for high grip dirt/clay speedways.  Cuts are modified [[Slick tires|slicks]] using a [[lathe]] to optimize handling while spiked tyres are [[Slick tire|slicks]] with screws through them.
-Tires are sometimes prepared with special solvents to soften them and increase grip, however this is banned by many racing organizations.  These solvents typically affect the behavior of the tire temporarily and are most often destructive to the rubber. The tire can support acceleration round corners at 2 G (20 m/s²), depending on chassis, engine, and motor setup.
-==Racing==
-[[Image:Tv_jay_leno_guest_jimmy_fallon_go_karting.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Jimmy Fallon and Jay Leno go-karting]]
-Kart racing is generally accepted as the most economic form of [[motorsport]] available. As a free-time activity, it can be performed by almost anybody, and as a [[motorsport]] in itself, it is one of the sports regulated by [[FIA]] (under the guise of [[CIK]]), permitting licensed racing for anyone from the age of 8 onward. In the USA there is not as much FIA involvement, instead the IKF ([[International Kart Federation]]) and WKA ([[World Karting Association]]) regulate racing.
-A variety of [[kart circuits]] permit the sport to be practised, although only [[homologated]] ones can have official races.
-Typically, race formats are one of the following:
-=== Sprint ===
-The sprint format is a series of short-duration races, normally for a small number of laps, that qualify for a final, with a variety of point scoring calculations to determine the event's overall winner. Typical duration does not normally exceed 15 minutes.  Here, speed and successful passing is of the most importance. It normally occurs in the format of three qualifying heats and a final race for trophy positions.
-<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:coxgriffiths.jpg|right|frame|Image of Jade-TKM K4S courtesy of www.kjdracing.tk]] -->
-The [[FIA]] championships, including the [[Karting World Championship]], take place in this format.
-=== Endurance ===
-Endurance races last for an extended period, from 30 minutes up to 24 hours or more, for one or more drivers.  In general, consistency, reliability, and pit strategy is of greater importance than all out speed.  The US based company [http://www.endurancekarting.com Endurance Karting]is organizing 1.5 hour - 24 hour races both in the US and Europe.
-=== Speedway ===
-Speedway karts are sprint karts evolved into a specialized form of kart for left-turn-only racing competition. LTO chassis have been developed for precise handling and adjustability specifically for oval and tri-oval tracks. Speedway kart feature races range in length from 4 laps, for a trophy dash, to 20 laps, for a main event. The two chief racing formats used in dirt speedway karting are heat races and qualification by an individual’s timed laps. IKF (International Karting Federation, [http://www.ikfkarting.com IKF]) runs a racing format of two ten-lap heats followed by one twenty lap feature.  Your finishing positions in the two heat races are used to calculate your starting position for the feature race.  The World Karting Association (WKA, [http://www.worldkarting.com WKA]) uses first round qualifying, preceded only by second round qualifying if number of kart entries requires it, and finally a 20 lap feature event.  Karts equipped with transponders are sent out onto the track in groups of 5 or less, spread out on the track, to try to achieve the fastest time around the track.  Features positions are determined by your qualifying time. Due to full course yellow flags, which to do not count toward lap totals, races can last as long as 30 minutes. Speedway racing takes place on both asphalt and clay tracks, which are normally between 1/6 mile and ¼ mile long. The majority of tracks are 1/5 mile long though and primarily consist of four corners, which creates an oval shape; however, few tracks are symmetric. Oftentimes, the shape parallels that of an egg or a [[tri-oval]]. Speedway racing emphasizes chassis set-up and environment wise tyre selection. Formal competitive classes begin at the junior level which starts at age 7 or 8 and generally run in 3-year age groupings or weight divisions until “senior” status is reached at age 15 or 16, (depending on the series).
-== Categories ==
-[[Image:djtkarting.jpg|thumb|301px|DJTkarting driver in a JnrTKM kart]]
-There are many different classes or formulae in karting. The FIA sanctions international championships in [[JICA]], [[Intercontinental A]], [[Formula A]], [[Intercontinental C]], [[Super ICC]] and [[Superkart]] [[Superkart Division 1|Division 1]] and [[Superkart Division 2|Division 2]]. These are regarded as the top levels of karting and are also raced in national championships. The world Championship is also decided here. The current world champion is Oliver Oakes from the UK, who currently in 2006, is racing in the Formula BMW UK Championship, for Carlin Motorsport.
-<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:WetLydd.jpg|right|frame|Image of Superkarts in the rain at Lydden Hill, UK]] -->
-Many people race in [[Spec series]] such as [[Rotax Max]] (a [[TaG|Touch-and-Go]] class), [[Formula TKM]] or those using the [[Yamaha Motor Corporation|Yamaha]] [[KT100]] engine, and Cadet classes for ages 8 to 12 are usually popular.
-In the United States, the biggest proportion of racers are in the dirt oval classes which often use [[Briggs & Stratton]] industrial engines.
-In Australia, Classes include Midget, Rookie, Junior and Senior.
-== Karting as a learning tool ==
-Kart racing is usually used as a low-cost and relatively safe way to introduce drivers to motor racing. Many people associate it with young drivers, but adults are also very active in karting.  Karting is considered the first step in any serious racer's career. It can prepare the driver for high-speed wheel-to-wheel racing by helping develop quick reflexes, precision car control, and decision-making skills. In addition, it brings an awareness of the various parameters that can be altered to try to improve the competitiveness of the kart (examples being tyre pressure, gearing, seat position, chassis stiffness) that also exist in other forms of motor racing. Racing schools such as the [http://www.bondurantsuperkarts.com Bondurant Kart Racing School]and [http://www.endurancekarting.com Endurance Karting School] have come along to teach these novice and advanced karters.
-As well as "serious" competitive kart racing, many commercial enterprises offer casual hire of karts.  Such karts are usually powered by small, detuned four-stroke engines and are far slower than the fully-fledged competitive versions.
-Many, perhaps most [[Formula One]] racers grew up racing karts, most prominent among them [[Michael Schumacher]], [[Ayrton Senna]], [[Alain Prost]], [[Fernando Alonso]] and [[Kimi Räikkönen]].  Many [[NASCAR]] drivers also got their start in racing from karts, such as [[Darrell Waltrip]], [[Lake Speed]], [[Ricky Rudd]], [[Tony Stewart]], and [[Jeff Gordon]].
-The most celebrated karting series in the UK is the National karting series, also known as Super 1. There are 3 types of Super 1 championships:
-.) MSA. The MSA Super 1 National Championships incorporates Formula A, Formula ICA, Junior I.C.A, 100 National and Formula Cadet.
-.) Rotax. This Super 1 Series incorporates the 4 Rotax Max classes: Senior Max, Junior Max, Minimax and Rotax 177
-.) TKM. This series incorporates the Senior TKM Extreme class, Formula Senior TKM 4 Stroke, Junior TKM 2 stroke, Junior TKM intermediate,Formula Junior TKM 4 Stroke and for the first time in 2006 the Honda Cadet class.
-== External links ==
-* [http://www.tarporleykarting.co.uk Tarporley Karting Team]
-* [http://www.camberley-kartclub.co.uk Camberley Kart Club]  Blackbushe, UK.
-* [http://www.karting1.co.uk/karting-techniques.htm Karting Techniques ] How to drive a racing kart
-* [http://www.kartsportnews.com KartSportNews.com] Karting news, features, tech, profiles, results, photos from Australia
-* [http://www.teka.com.au Teka.com.au] The Endurance Karting Association (Australia Only)
-* [http://www.worldkarting.com World Karting Association] (USA only)
-* [http://www.ekartingnews.com/ ekartingnews.com]: (Click on 'New to Karting' link at the top of the page for a good introduction and FAQ.)
-* [http://www.citykarting.com/beginner.htm Karting History USA] & [http://www.emotionandvalue.com/01.html Karting History Europe]
-* [http://www.endurancekarting.com Endurance Karting] The largest US kart racing school and race organizer
-* [http://www.diygokarts.com DIY Go Kart Plans] Resource for home-built go karts.
-* [http://www.lebkart.com LEBkart.com] A Website containing lots of information and community information
-* [http://www.gakarting.com Georgia Karting] Reference to Karting in Georgia, USA
-* [http://karting.shirster.com Hong Kong Go Kart PhotoBlog] Photos and videos taken at Hong Kong's one and only official go kart track
-* [http://dadoghouse.com Da Dog House] cyberdog blogs about karting and other stuff, also contains photos and videos of Hong Kong's first official karting track
-[[Category:Karting|*]]

Difference between revisions of "Kart racing"

Revision as of 05:01, 25 May 2007

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