Difference between revisions of "IPA chart for English"

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This chart shows concisely the most common way in which the '''[[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]]''' is applied to represent the [[English language]].
 
This chart shows concisely the most common way in which the '''[[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]]''' is applied to represent the [[English language]].
  
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|-----
 
|-----
 
| valign="top" | <!-- English -->
 
| valign="top" | <!-- English -->
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{| class="wikitable"
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{| border=1 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=4 style="float:center; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:300px; background:#505050; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
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! colspan="2"| IPA: English [[Consonant]]s
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#505050;"
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|- tr BGCOLOR=darkred
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!colspan=2 style="color: white; background: darkred;"|IPA: English [[Consonant]]s
 
|-
 
|-
 
!width="20%"| IPA !! Examples
 
!width="20%"| IPA !! Examples
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|-
 
|-
 
! {{IPA|ɹ}}
 
! {{IPA|ɹ}}
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| '''r'''un, ve'''r'''y<ref name="r">Although the symbol '''{{IPA|r}}''' technically represents an [[alveolar trill]], which is absent from most dialects of English, it is nevertheless widely used instead of '''{{IPA|ɹ}}''' in phonemic transcriptions.</ref>
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| '''r'''un, ve'''r'''y
 
|-
 
|-
 
! {{IPA|w}}
 
! {{IPA|w}}
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|-
 
|-
 
! {{IPA|ʍ}}
 
! {{IPA|ʍ}}
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| '''wh'''at<ref>Some accents, such as [[Scottish English|Scottish]] and much of the [[Southern American English|American South]]; see [[Phonological history of English consonants#H-cluster reductions|''whine'' and ''wine'']] and [[voiceless labiovelar approximant]]</ref>
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| '''wh'''at
 
|}
 
|}
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| valign="top" | <!-- English -->
 
| valign="top" | <!-- English -->
−
{| class="wikitable"
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{| border=1 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=4 style="float:center; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:300px; background:#505050; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
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! colspan="4"| IPA: English [[Vowel]]s
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|- style="text-align:center; background:#505050;"
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|- tr BGCOLOR=darkred
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!colspan=4 style="color: white; background: darkred;"|IPA: English [[Vowel]]s
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="3"| IPA
 
! colspan="3"| IPA
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|-
 
|-
 
! {{IPA|ɛ}} !! {{IPA|ɛ}} !! {{IPA|e}}
 
! {{IPA|ɛ}} !! {{IPA|ɛ}} !! {{IPA|e}}
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| b'''e'''d<ref name="collinse">Often transcribed {{IPA|/e/}} for RP, for example in Collins English Dictionary.</ref>
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| b'''e'''d
 
|-
 
|-
 
! {{IPA|ɜː}} !! {{IPA|ɝ}} !! {{IPA|ɜː}}
 
! {{IPA|ɜː}} !! {{IPA|ɝ}} !! {{IPA|ɜː}}
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|-
 
|-
 
! {{IPA|æ}} !! {{IPA|æ}} !! {{IPA|æ}}
 
! {{IPA|æ}} !! {{IPA|æ}} !! {{IPA|æ}}
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| l'''a'''d, c'''a'''t, r'''a'''n<ref name="oxforda">Often transcribed {{IPA|/a/}} for RP, for example in dictionaries of the [[Oxford University Press]].</ref><ref name="badlad">See [[Phonological history of English short A#Bad-lad split|bad-lad split]] for more discussion of this vowel in Australian English.</ref>
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| l'''a'''d, c'''a'''t, r'''a'''n
 
|-
 
|-
 
! {{IPA|ɑː}} !! {{IPA|ɑɹ}} !! {{IPA|aː}}
 
! {{IPA|ɑː}} !! {{IPA|ɑɹ}} !! {{IPA|aː}}
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|-
 
|-
 
! {{IPA|ɔː}} !! {{IPA|ɔ}} !! {{IPA|oː}}
 
! {{IPA|ɔː}} !! {{IPA|ɔ}} !! {{IPA|oː}}
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| l'''aw''', c'''au'''ght<ref name="cotcaught">See [[Phonological history of the low back vowels#Cot-caught merger|low back merger]] for more discussion of this vowel in American English.</ref>
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| l'''aw''', c'''au'''ght
 
|-
 
|-
 
! {{IPA|ʊ}} !! {{IPA|ʊ}} !! {{IPA|ʊ}}
 
! {{IPA|ʊ}} !! {{IPA|ʊ}} !! {{IPA|ʊ}}
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| winn'''er'''
 
| winn'''er'''
 
|-
 
|-
−
| style="background: #ffffff" colspan="4" | &nbsp;
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| style="background: #505050" colspan="4" | &nbsp;
 
|-
 
|-
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! colspan="4"| IPA: English [[Diphthong]]s
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!colspan="4" style="color: white; background: darkred;"| IPA: English [[Diphthong]]s
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="3"| IPA
 
! colspan="3"| IPA
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|-
 
|-
 
! {{IPA|ɛə}} !! {{IPA|ɛɹ}} !! {{IPA|eː}}
 
! {{IPA|ɛə}} !! {{IPA|ɛɹ}} !! {{IPA|eː}}
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| h'''air''', th'''ere'''<ref name="airsymbol">Alternative symbols used in British dictionaries are {{IPA|/ɛː/}} ([[Oxford University Press]]) and {{IPA|/eə/}}.</ref>
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| h'''air''', th'''ere''"
 
|-
 
|-
 
! {{IPA|ʊə}} !! {{IPA|ʊɹ}} !! {{IPA|ʊə}}
 
! {{IPA|ʊə}} !! {{IPA|ʊɹ}} !! {{IPA|ʊə}}
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|}<!-- English -->
 
|}<!-- English -->
  
−
{| class="wikitable"
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−
! colspan="2"| IPA: Marginal Sounds
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{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="
−
|-
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{| border=1 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=4 style="float:center; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:300px; background:#505050; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
 +
|- style="text-align:center; background:#505050;"
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|- tr BGCOLOR=darkred
 
!width="20%"| IPA !! Examples
 
!width="20%"| IPA !! Examples
 
|-
 
|-
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|}
 
|}
  
−
{| class="wikitable"
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−
! colspan=3| IPA: Other symbols used in transcription of English pronunciation
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{| border=1 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=4 style="float:center; margin:0 0 .5em 1em; width:300px; background:#505050; border-collapse:collapse; border:1px solid #999; font-size:83%; line-height:1.5; " summary="Infobox Automobile"
 +
|- style="text-align:center; background:#505050;"
 +
|- tr BGCOLOR=darkred
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!colspan=2 style="color: white; background: darkred;"| IPA: Other symbols used in transcription of English pronunciation
 
|-
 
|-
 
! IPA!! Explanation
 
! IPA!! Explanation
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|}
 
|}
  
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==See also==
 
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*[[Pronunciation respelling for English]]
 
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*[[SAMPA chart for English]]
 
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*[[:Image:Kinesthetic English-IPA Vowel Wheel.PNG|English vowel wheel]]
 
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*[[NATO phonetic alphabet]] - also known as the international radiotelephony spelling alphabet or military alphabet. The NATO phonetic alphabet is often confused with the IPA because of the occurrence of "phonetic" in its name. However, the NATO alphabet is a [[cipher]] of the [[Latin alphabet]], while the IPA strives for one-to-one representation of the sounds of all languages.
 
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*[[List of writing systems#Phonetic alphabets (military)|Phonetic alphabets (military)]]
 
  
 
==External links==
 
==External links==

Latest revision as of 08:21, 7 October 2009


This chart shows concisely the most common way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is applied to represent the English language.

See International Phonetic Alphabet for English for a more complete version and Pronunciation respelling for English for phonetic transcriptions used in different dictionaries.

IPA: English Consonants
IPA Examples
p pen, spin, tip
b but, web
t two, sting, bet
d do, odd
tʃ chair, nature, teach
dʒ gin, joy, edge
k cat, kill, skin, queen, thick
ɡ go, get, beg
f fool, enough, leaf
v voice, have
θ thing, teeth
ð this, breathe, father
s see, city, pass
z zoo, rose
ʃ she, sure, emotion, leash
ʒ pleasure, beige
h ham
m man, ham
n no, tin
ŋ singer, ring
l left, bell
ɹ run, very
w we
j yes
ʍ what
IPA: English Vowels
IPA Examples
RP GA AuE
ɑː ɑ aː father
ɪ ɪ ɪ sit
ɪ i i city
iː i iː see
ɛ ɛ e bed
ɜː ɝ ɜː bird
æ æ æ lad, cat, ran
ɑː ɑɹ aː arm
ʌ ʌ a run, enough
ɒ ɑ ɔ not, wasp
ɔː ɔ oː law, caught
ʊ ʊ ʊ put, wood
uː u ʉː soon, through
ə ə ə about
ə ɚ ə winner
 
IPA: English Diphthongs
IPA Examples
RP GA AuE
eɪ eɪ æɪ day, pain
aɪ aɪ ɑe my, wise
ɔɪ ɔɪ oɪ boy
əʊ oʊ əʉ no, tow
aʊ aʊ æɔ now
ɪə ɪɹ ɪə near, here
ɛə ɛɹ eː h'air, there"
ʊə ʊɹ ʊə tour
juː ju jʉː pupil


IPA Examples
x Scottish loch
ʔ uh-(ʔ)oh


IPA: Other symbols used in transcription of English pronunciation
IPA Explanation
ˈ Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), for example rapping /ˈɹæpɪŋ/
ˌ Secondary stress, for example battleship /ˈbætl̩ˌʃɪp/
. Syllable separator, for example plankton /ˈplæŋk.tən/
 ̩ Syllabic consonant, for example ridden /ˈɹɪdn̩/


External links

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