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...a, and the family had gained power as pro-papist [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Guelph]] leaders in the fourteenth century.

...te, over Lombard of Norman ruins. The castle has [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Guelph]] [[merlon]]s and lies on a commanding point, where traces of ancient settl

...[13th century]] predominantly [[Ghibelline]] in opposition to Florence's [[Guelph]] position (the backdrop for [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]]'s ''[[Divine Comedy|

...]]. This factional strife was later recorded by [[Dino Compagni]], a White Guelph, in his [[Chronicles of Florence]].

...is son, [[Pippin]]. Later, Verona became a free city, and sided with the [[Guelph]] party against the [[Ghibellines]]. During this time, it developed its own

...ine III|Celestine III]], allied himself with the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Guelph League]] of Tuscany, led by [[Florence]]. Soon he stipulated a pact with Ge

...h the [[Magistrato dei Nove]]), by [[Lucca]], by [[Pistoia]], and by other Guelph cities in Tuscany with similar popular institutions. The [[guild]]s took th ...s a classicist; in politics he was a [[Ghibelline]], a rare exception in [[Guelph]] Florence, his birthplace. In imitating [[Aeschylus]], as well as in writi

...h the [[Magistrato dei Nove]]), by [[Lucca]], by [[Pistoia]], and by other Guelph cities in Tuscany with similar popular institutions. The [[guild]]s took th ...s a classicist; in politics he was a [[Ghibelline]], a rare exception in [[Guelph]] Florence, his birthplace. In imitating [[Aeschylus]], as well as in writi